{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T16:00:10Z","timestamp":1786118410162,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Program","award":["2026GXNSFBA00640239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026GXNSFBA00640239"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Program","award":["GUIKE LT2600640019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GUIKE LT2600640019"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization","award":["ZRJJ2023-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZRJJ2023-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Siraitia grosvenorii (monk fruit) is a dioecious medicinal crop native to southern China, yet its terpene synthase (TPS) gene family and the molecular basis of floral sexual dimorphism remain unexplored. Methods: Genome-wide identification of the TPS gene family was performed using HMMER and BLAST-based approaches. Phylogenetic classification, gene structure and conserved motif characterization, and comparative synteny analyses were conducted. Transcriptome data from leaves and fruits at different developmental stages were analyzed for tissue-specific expression profiling. Promoter cis-element analysis, protein\u2013protein interaction network prediction, and molecular docking were performed to characterize the fruit-specific candidate SgTPS49. Results: A total of 58 SgTPS genes were identified and classified into six subfamilies, with TPS-a and TPS-b comprising 72.4% of the family. Approximately 88% of SgTPS genes arose from lineage-specific tandem duplication. Female flowers exhibited monoterpene-dominant scents and smaller corollas, whereas male flowers displayed a mid-morning sesquiterpene burst and greater morphological variation. SgTPS49 was specifically upregulated at 20 days post-pollination and possessed a unique promoter architecture devoid of classical hormone-responsive elements. Molecular docking supported its annotation as a putative monoterpene synthase with favorable GPP binding. Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resource for the SgTPS family in S. grosvenorii, reveals significant sexual dimorphism in floral traits, and identifies SgTPS49 as a key candidate for future functional validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17080926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T15:52:30Z","timestamp":1786031550000},"page":"926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-Wide Identification of Terpene Synthase Genes in Siraitia grosvenorii Reveals Sexual Dimorphism in Floral Traits and a Fruit-Specific Candidate SgTPS49"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaozhen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changqiu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiatong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunbo","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1201-940X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2009.07.030","article-title":"Monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthases and the origin of terpene skeletal diversity in plants","volume":"70","author":"Degenhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0143","DOI":"10.1199\/tab.0143","article-title":"Terpene specialized metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"9","author":"Tholl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arab. Book"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-002-0709-y","article-title":"Genomic analysis of the terpenoid synthase (AtTPS) gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"267","author":"Aubourg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.179648","article-title":"The tomato terpene synthase gene family","volume":"157","author":"Falara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karunanithi, P.S., and Zerbe, P. (2019). Terpene synthases as metabolic gatekeepers in the evolution of plant terpenoid chemical diversity. Front. Plant Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01166"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2011.04520.x","article-title":"The family of terpene synthases in plants: A mid-size family of genes for specialized metabolism that is highly diversified throughout the kingdom","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Gong, J.H., Nong, R., Liu, Q., Xia, K., Qiu, S.H., and Wang, Z. (2025). Terpene synthase (TPS) family member identification and expression pattern analysis in flowers of Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Horticulturae, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae11060566"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M.X., Liu, B., Li, J., Huang, N., Tian, Y., Guo, L., Feng, C.Y., Ai, Y., and Fu, C.K. (2024). Bioinformatics analysis and expression features of terpene synthase family in Cymbidium ensifolium. Horticulturae, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/horticulturae10101015"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57805-1","article-title":"Analysis of terpene synthase family genes in Camellia sinensis with an emphasis on abiotic stress conditions","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, L.P., Chen, S., Wang, X., Sen, L., Dong, G.Q., Song, C., and Liu, Y.F. (2024). An improved genome assembly of Chrysanthemum nankingense reveals expansion and functional diversification of terpene synthase gene family. BMC Genom., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10498-6"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.01.039","article-title":"Genome-wide analyzation and functional characterization on the TPS family provide insight into the biosynthesis of mono-terpenes in the camphor tree","volume":"196","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y.Y., Li, D.Y., Liu, Y., Wang, J.Z., and Liu, C. (2024). Genome-wide identification and evolution-profiling analysis of the TPS gene family in Triticum plants. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158546"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Q., Peng, Y.F., Zhao, T., Dong, Q.J., Yang, Q., Liu, X.Y., and Han, Y. (2025). Phylogeny and functional differentiation of the terpene synthase gene family in angiosperms with emphasis on Rosa chinensis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26052113"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, Z.J., Ma, Q.X., Weng, Y.H., Shi, J.S., Chen, J.H., and Hao, Z.D. (2023). Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of TPS gene family in Liriodendron chinense. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14030770"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-025-02269-z","article-title":"Genomic analysis of terpene synthase family and characterization of ent-kaurene synthase in Chenopodium quinoa","volume":"300","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2023.117799","article-title":"Phylogenomics reveal DcTPS-mediated terpenoid accumulation and environmental response in Dendrobium catenatum","volume":"208","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2100361119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100361119","article-title":"Origin and early evolution of the plant terpene synthase family","volume":"119","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1604828113","article-title":"The biosynthetic pathway of the nonsugar, high-intensity sweetener mogroside V from Siraitia grosvenorii","volume":"113","author":"Itkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17814","article-title":"Terpene synthases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and their contribution to herbivore-induced volatile terpenoid emission","volume":"233","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-008-9296-6","article-title":"The molecular and biochemical basis for varietal variation in sesquiterpene content in melon (Cucumis melo L.) rinds","volume":"66","author":"Portnoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, Q., Ma, X.J., Mo, C.M., Wilson, I.W., Song, C., Zhao, H., Yang, Y.F., Fu, W., and Qiu, D. (2011). An efficient approach to finding Siraitia grosvenorii triterpene biosynthetic genes by RNA-seq and digital gene expression analysis. BMC Genom., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-343"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139277","article-title":"Recent advancements in mogrosides: A review on biological activities, synthetic biology, and applications in the food industry","volume":"449","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"giy067","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giy067","article-title":"Improved de novo genome assembly and analysis of the Chinese cucurbit Siraitia grosvenorii, also known as monk fruit or luo-han-guo","volume":"7","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"uhag103","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhag103","article-title":"Haplotype-resolved T2T genome and population resequencing provide insights into the domestication and mogroside biosynthesis of Siraitia grosvenorii (Cucurbitaceae)","volume":"13","author":"Kou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1457","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac921","article-title":"CuGenDBv2: An updated database for cucurbit genomics","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo, C.-M., Qin, F., Guo, W.-F., Tang, Q., Li, Z., Pan, L.-M., Luo, Z.-L., Wang, C.-N., and Liang, R.-F. (2025). The role of ACS genes in sex differentiation of Siraitia grosvenorii revealed by comparative transcriptomic analysis. BMC Plant Biol., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-025-07359-z"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10681-014-1293-z","article-title":"Review on different mechanisms of sex determination and sex-linked molecular markers in dioecious crops: A current update","volume":"201","author":"Heikrujam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"153","article-title":"Temporal variation of flower scent in Silene otites (Caryophyllaceae): A species with a mixed pollination system","volume":"169","author":"Jhumur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bot. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2009.01590.x","article-title":"Sniffing out patterns of sexual dimorphism in floral scent","volume":"23","author":"Ashman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"kiaf372","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiaf372","article-title":"Terpene synthase diversity reveals the inter- and intraspecific floral scent evolution in Aquilegia","volume":"199","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.1820","article-title":"Variation in floral volatiles across time, sexes, and populations of wind-pollinated Schiedea globosa","volume":"109","author":"Powers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Zhu, X.Z. (2019). Comparative Study on Pollination Biology of Siraitia grosvenorii and Its Related Plants. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Guangxi Normal University]."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez, A., Benfodda, Z., B\u00e9nim\u00e9lis, D., Fontaine, J.X., Molini\u00e9, R., and Meffre, P. (2022). Extraction and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Scentless Flowers of 14 Tillandsia Species Using HS-SPME\/GC-MS. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12070628"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.09.010","article-title":"TBtools-II: A \u201cone for all, all for one\u201d bioinformatics platform for biological big-data mining","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.325","article-title":"PlantCARE, a database of plant cis-acting regulatory elements and a portal to tools for in silico analysis of promoter sequences","volume":"30","author":"Lescot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D605","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1074","article-title":"The STRING database in 2021: Customizable protein\u2013protein networks, and functional characterization of user-uploaded gene\/measurement sets","volume":"49","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evz142","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on the terpene synthase gene family provides new insight into its evolutionary patterns","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W296","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky427","article-title":"SWISS-MODEL: Homology modelling of protein structures and complexes","volume":"46","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W159","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac394","article-title":"CB-Dock2: Improved protein\u2013ligand blind docking by integrating cavity detection, docking and homologous template fitting","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W431","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab314","article-title":"Mol* Viewer: Modern web app for 3D visualization and analysis of large biomolecular structures","volume":"49","author":"Sehnal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr1293","article-title":"MCScanX: A toolkit for detection and evolutionary analysis of gene synteny and collinearity","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NP00024A","article-title":"Chemistry, biosynthesis and biology of floral volatiles: Roles in pollination and other functions","volume":"40","author":"Gershenzon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(02)00251-0","article-title":"The formation and function of plant volatiles: Perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense","volume":"5","author":"Pichersky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s43897-023-00057-0","article-title":"The terpene synthase (TPS) gene family in kiwifruit shows high functional redundancy and a subset of TPS likely fulfil overlapping functions in fruit flavour, floral bouquet and defence","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendrickson, H., Islam, M., Wabo, G.F., and Mafu, S. (2024). Biochemical analysis of the TPS-a subfamily in Medicago truncatula. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1349009"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"uhae272","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae272","article-title":"Expansion and functional divergence of terpene synthase genes in angiosperms: A driving force of terpene diversity","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hortic. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5728","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.70335","article-title":"Characterisation of early biosynthetic steps of atractylon via an integrative strategy","volume":"23","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Song, Z., Liu, X., Gong, S., Tang, Q., Liu, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Gao, H., and Gao, W. (2025). Functional characterization of squalene epoxidases from Siraitia grosvenorii. Plants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14121740"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-023-04268-z","article-title":"Contemporary understanding of transcription factor regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in plants","volume":"259","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Lin, Y., Chen, Z., Li, X., Geng, Y., Sun, J., Qiao, L., Chen, X., and Yan, J. (2026). TkNACs heterodimerization and methyl jasmonate signaling synergistically mediate root development in Taraxacum kok-saghyz. Plants, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15121923"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2024.102607","article-title":"Plant specialized metabolism: Diversity of terpene synthases and their products","volume":"81","author":"Bergman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, W., Li, H., Tian, M., Rong, S., Ma, C., Li, R., Zhang, H., Yang, F., and Li, C. (2026). Physiological and transcriptomic dissection of inflorescence degeneration in Areca catechu L.: Aberrant carbohydrate redistribution and disrupted hormonal homeostasis. Plants, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15131962"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/17\/8\/926\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T15:53:36Z","timestamp":1786031616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/17\/8\/926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["genes17080926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes17080926","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]}}}