{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:16:59Z","timestamp":1787894219557,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016349","name":"Sichuan Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["rc20250207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["rc20250207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016349","name":"Sichuan Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KYQD202401012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYQD202401012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["rc20250207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["rc20250207"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043dxc061","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["KYQD202401012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYQD202401012"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043dxc061","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["NKYRCZX2025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKYRCZX2025022"]}]},{"award":["NKYRCZX2025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKYRCZX2025022"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05f0php28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Province International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation\/Hong Kong, Macao"},{"name":"Taiwan Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project","award":["2025YFHZ0144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFHZ0144"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Nudix hydrolases (NHs), characterized by the conserved Nudix motif (GX5EX7REUXEEXGU), hydrolyze nucleoside diphosphate derivatives and play vital roles in plant stress responses and cellular homeostasis. However, the NH gene family has not been systematically characterized in maize (Zea mays L.). Methods: We performed a genome-wide analysis of ZmNH (Nudix hydrolase) genes using a maize pan-genome encompassing 26 high-quality genomes. Results: A total of 73 ZmNH members were identified, comprising 22 core genes (present in all 26 lines), 28 dispensable genes (present in 2\u201325 lines), and 23 private genes (present in only one line). Phylogenetic analysis clustered them into three subgroups (Type-I, -II, and -III), with Type-III being the largest (28 members). Gene structure and motif analyses revealed conserved exon\u2013intron architectures and 10 conserved motifs. Nonsynonymous\/synonymous substitution ratio (Ka\/Ks) calculations across the 26 inbred lines indicated that most ZmNH genes were under purifying selection (Ka\/Ks &lt; 1), whereas ZmNH2 and ZmNH12 showed evidence of positive selection in some lines. Expression profiling under four stress conditions\u2014Fusarium graminearum, Cercospora zeina, Exserohilum turcicum, and Ostrinia furnacalis\u2014identified 20 differentially expressed ZmNH genes. Notably, ZmNH9 was consistently responsive across multiple pathogen treatments, suggesting a potential role in broad-spectrum disease resistance. Conclusions: These findings provide a foundation for future functional studies of the maize NH gene family.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes17091005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:59:23Z","timestamp":1787741963000},"page":"1005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pan-Genomic Characterization of the Nudix Hydrolase Gene Family and Its Response to Different Pathogen Strains in Maize (Zea mays)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shuyao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0023-5662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maqsood","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya 572000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Management Committee of the Suining Campus, Sichuan Normal University, Suining 629000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1390-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boyi","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9143-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2025.106613","article-title":"Optimizing Maize Late Wilt Disease Management: A Comparative Assessment of Bacterial Biocontrol and Azoxystrobin Alone and in Combination","volume":"214","author":"Matos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pestic. 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