{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:43:27Z","timestamp":1790145807207,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the many disparate lifestyles of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens is chemolithotrophic growth with thiosulfate as an electron donor for respiration. The employed carbon source may be CO2 (autotrophy) or an organic compound such as succinate (mixotrophy). Here, we discovered three new facets of this capacity: (i) When thiosulfate and succinate were consumed concomitantly in conditions of mixotrophy, even a high molar excess of succinate did not exert efficient catabolite repression over the use of thiosulfate. (ii) Using appropriate cytochrome mutants, we found that electrons derived from thiosulfate during chemolithoautotrophic growth are preferentially channeled via cytochrome c550 to the aa3-type heme-copper cytochrome oxidase. (iii) Three genetic regulators were identified to act at least partially in the expression control of genes for chemolithoautotrophic thiosulfate oxidation: RegR and CbbR as activators, and SoxR as a repressor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8120390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T12:23:56Z","timestamp":1513340636000},"page":"390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Requirements for Efficient Thiosulfate Oxidation in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Masuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hauke","family":"Hennecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Martin","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.4.1788","article-title":"Autotrophic growth of H2-uptake-positive strains of Rhizobium japonicum in an atmosphere supplied with hydrogen gas","volume":"76","author":"Hanus","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.1871-1876.2000","article-title":"Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase activity in Bradyrhizobium japonicum","volume":"66","author":"Lorite","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02783-09","article-title":"Thiosulfate-dependent chemolithoautotrophic growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum","volume":"76","author":"Masuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME10124","article-title":"The cbbL gene is required for thiosulfate-dependent autotrophic growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum","volume":"25","author":"Masuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbes Environ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/9.6.189","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110","volume":"9","author":"Kaneko","year":"2002","journal-title":"DNA Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(08)60018-1","article-title":"Physiology and genetics of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria","volume":"39","author":"Friedrich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adv. Microb. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.04.005","article-title":"Prokaryotic sulfur oxidation","volume":"8","author":"Friedrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2009.00187.x","article-title":"Biochemistry and molecular biology of lithoautotrophic sulfur oxidation by taxonomically and ecologically diverse bacteria and archaea","volume":"33","author":"Ghosh","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15704","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.085217","article-title":"Disparate pathways for the biogenesis of cytochrome oxidases in Bradyrhizobium japonicum","volume":"285","author":"Rossmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27724-0","article-title":"SoxRS-mediated regulation of chemotrophic sulfur oxidation in Paracoccus pantotrophus","volume":"151","author":"Rother","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.29197-0","article-title":"The dimeric repressor SoxR binds cooperatively to the promoter(s) regulating expression of the sulfur oxidation (sox) operon of Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans KCT001","volume":"153","author":"Mandal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5778","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.18.5778-5784.1993","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence and functional analysis of cbbR, a positive regulator of the Calvin cycle operons of Rhodobacter sphaeroides","volume":"175","author":"Gibson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6097","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.19.6097-6104.1993","article-title":"CbbR, a LysR-type transcriptional activator, is required for expression of the autotrophic CO2 fixation enzymes of Xanthobacter flavus","volume":"175","author":"Dijkhuizen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01978.x","article-title":"Identification of cfxR, an activator gene of autotrophic CO2 fixation in Alcaligenes eutrophus","volume":"5","author":"Bowien","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.15.3853-3863.1998","article-title":"Expression of the fixR-nifA operon in Bradyrhizobium japonicum depends on a new response regulator, RegR","volume":"180","author":"Bauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8928","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01088-07","article-title":"New target genes controlled by the Bradyrhizobium japonicum two-component regulatory system RegSR","volume":"189","author":"Lindemann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.68.2.263-279.2004","article-title":"RegB\/RegA, a highly conserved redox-responding global two-component regulatory system","volume":"68","author":"Elsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00408017","article-title":"RNA polymerase from Rhizobium japonicum","volume":"135","author":"Regensburger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3342","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.049130-0","article-title":"Polyphasic evidence supporting the reclassification of Bradyrhizobium japonicum group Ia strains as Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens sp. nov.","volume":"63","author":"Delamuta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Miller, J.H. (1972). Experiments in Molecular Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00576.x","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the cytochrome c-aa3 branch of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum respiratory chain","volume":"4","author":"Bott","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.8.2214-2217.1995","article-title":"Bradyrhizobium japonicum cytochrome c550 is required for nitrate respiration but not for symbiotic nitrogen fixation","volume":"177","author":"Bott","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1991.tb04431.x-i1","article-title":"Cloning, sequencing, and mutational analysis of the cytochrome c552 gene (cycB) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 110","volume":"83","author":"Rossbach","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(86)90385-2","article-title":"Use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to direct selective high-level expression of cloned genes","volume":"189","author":"Studier","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1183-784","article-title":"A broad host range mobilization system for in vivo genetic engineering: Transposon mutagenesis in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"1","author":"Simon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"52","article-title":"Three kanamycin resistance gene cassettes with different polylinkers","volume":"18","author":"Alexeyev","year":"1995","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05952.x","article-title":"One member of a groESL-like chaperonin multigene family in Bradyrhizobium japonicum is co-regulated with symbiotic nitrogen fixation genes","volume":"12","author":"Fischer","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(83)90040-9","article-title":"Construction of improved M13 vectors using oligodeoxynucleotide mutagenesis","volume":"26","author":"Norrander","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00327412","article-title":"Localized mutagenesis in Rhizobium japonicum","volume":"193","author":"Hahn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mol. Gen. Genet."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"757","article-title":"The ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway is used in place of the glyoxylate cycle by Methylobacterium","volume":"287","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"293","article-title":"A plethora of terminal oxidases and their biogenesis factors in Bradyrhizobium japonicum","volume":"Volume 1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biological Nitrogen Fixation"}],"container-title":["Genes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/8\/12\/390\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:54:10Z","timestamp":1760208850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/8\/12\/390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["genes8120390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes8120390","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]}}}