{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:07:40Z","timestamp":1789776460599,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":353,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As revealed by the recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America, YFV control measures need urgent rethinking. Over the last decade, most reported outbreaks occurred in, or eventually reached, areas with low vaccination coverage but that are suitable for virus transmission, with an unprecedented risk of expansion to densely populated territories in Africa, South America and Asia. As reflected in the World Health Organization\u2019s initiative launched in 2017, it is high time to strengthen epidemiological surveillance to monitor accurately viral dissemination, and redefine vaccination recommendation areas. Vector-control and immunisation measures need to be adapted and vaccine manufacturing must be reconciled with an increasing demand. We will have to face more yellow fever (YF) cases in the upcoming years. Hence, improving disease management through the development of efficient treatments will prove most beneficial. Undoubtedly, these developments will require in-depth descriptions of YFV biology at molecular, physiological and ecological levels. This second section of a two-part review describes the current state of knowledge and gaps regarding the molecular biology of YFV, along with an overview of the tools that can be used to manage the disease at the individual, local and global levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9090425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T11:12:42Z","timestamp":1534849962000},"page":"425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["What Does the Future Hold for Yellow Fever Virus? (II)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7777-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Klitting","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ\u2013IRD 190\u2013Inserm 1207\u2013IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan F.","family":"Drexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany"},{"name":"Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest A.","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ\u2013IRD 190\u2013Inserm 1207\u2013IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Roiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: \u00c9cologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00c9volution et Contr\u00f4le (MIVEGEC: IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier), 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Paupy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: \u00c9cologie, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00c9volution et Contr\u00f4le (MIVEGEC: IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier), 34394 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"De Lamballerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus \u00c9mergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ\u2013IRD 190\u2013Inserm 1207\u2013IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection), 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.10.009","article-title":"Treatment of yellow fever","volume":"78","author":"Monath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Barrett, M.G.S. (2012). Yellow fever vaccine. Vaccines, Elsevier. 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