{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:08:04Z","timestamp":1790474884456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/M024156\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/M024156\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FoRUM Grant of the Ruhr-University Bochum","award":["F883-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F883-2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peroxisomes are central to eukaryotic metabolism, including the oxidation of fatty acids\u2014which subsequently provide an important source of metabolic energy\u2014and in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and plasmalogens. However, the presence and nature of peroxisomes in the parasitic apicomplexan protozoa remains controversial. A survey of the available genomes revealed that genes encoding peroxisome biogenesis factors, so-called peroxins (Pex), are only present in a subset of these parasites, the coccidia. The basic principle of peroxisomal protein import is evolutionarily conserved, proteins harbouring a peroxisomal-targeting signal 1 (PTS1) interact in the cytosol with the shuttling receptor Pex5 and are then imported into the peroxisome via the membrane-bound protein complex formed by Pex13 and Pex14. Surprisingly, whilst Pex5 is clearly identifiable, Pex13 and, perhaps, Pex14 are apparently absent from the coccidian genomes. To investigate the functionality of the PTS1 import mechanism in these parasites, expression of Pex5 from the model coccidian Toxoplasma gondii was shown to rescue the import defect of Pex5-deleted Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In support of these data, green fluorescent protein (GFP) bearing the enhanced (e)PTS1 known to efficiently localise to peroxisomes in yeast, localised to peroxisome-like bodies when expressed in Toxoplasma. Furthermore, the PTS1-binding domain of Pex5 and a PTS1 ligand from the putatively peroxisome-localised Toxoplasma sterol carrier protein (SCP2) were shown to interact in vitro. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the Pex5\u2013PTS1 interaction is functional in the coccidia and indicate that a nonconventional peroxisomal import mechanism may operate in the absence of Pex13 and Pex14.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/genes9090434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T02:49:34Z","timestamp":1535597374000},"page":"434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Functional Analyses of a Putative, Membrane-Bound, Peroxisomal Protein Import Mechanism from the Apicomplexan Protozoan Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Mbekeani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Disease, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will A.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Disease, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6023-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal C.","family":"Kalel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Systems Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noa","family":"Dahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einat","family":"Zalckvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5909-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilach","family":"Sheiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schliebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Systems Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Erdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department of Systems Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehmke","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Disease, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5051-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul W.","family":"Denny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Centre for Global Infectious Disease, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(77)80476-6","article-title":"Localization of nine glycolytic enzymes in a microbody-like organelle in Trypanosoma brucei: The glycosome","volume":"80","author":"Opperdoes","year":"1977","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1969.tb43124.x","article-title":"Evolution of the peroxisome","volume":"168","year":"1969","journal-title":"Ann. 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