{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T09:37:21Z","timestamp":1778751441915,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF 03G0819A & 03G0856A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 03G0819A & 03G0856A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006360","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMWi 03SX20A+G & 03SX381F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMWi 03SX20A+G & 03SX381F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015711","name":"MIDAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU-FP7 grant 603418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU-FP7 grant 603418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seafloor heat flow measurements are utilized to determine the geothermal regime of the Danube deep-sea fan in the western Black Sea and are presented in the larger context of regional gas hydrate occurrences. Heat flow data were collected across paleo-channels in water depths of 550\u20131460 m. Heat flow across levees ranges from 25 to 30 mW m\u22122 but is up to 65 mW m\u22122 on channel floors. Gravity coring reveals sediment layers typical of the western Black Sea, consisting of three late Pleistocene to Holocene units, notably red clay within the lowermost unit cored. Heat flow derived from the bottom-simulating reflector (BSR), assumed to represent the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), deviates from seafloor measurements. These discrepancies are linked either to fast sedimentation or slumping and associated variations in sediment physical properties. Topographic effects account of up to 50% of heat flow deviations from average values. Combined with climate-induced variations in seafloor temperature and sea-level since the last glacial maximum large uncertainties in the prediction of the base of the GHSZ remain. A regional representative heat flow value is ~30 mW m\u22122 for the study region but deviations from this value may be up to 100%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences11060240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T10:38:39Z","timestamp":1622630319000},"page":"240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Heat Flow Measurements at the Danube Deep-Sea Fan, Western Black Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Riedel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1\u20133, 24148 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Bialas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1\u20133, 24148 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Villinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Stra\u00dfe 2\u20134, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6872-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Stra\u00dfe 2\u20134, 28359 Bremen, Germany"},{"name":"MARUM\u2013Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-0716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Haeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstrasse 1\u20133, 24148 Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Bohrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Stra\u00dfe 2\u20134, 28359 Bremen, Germany"},{"name":"MARUM\u2013Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Occurrence of crystal hydrates of gases in the sediments of modern marine basins","volume":"214","author":"Yefremova","year":"1974","journal-title":"Akad. 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