{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T06:08:15Z","timestamp":1793254095079,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The biological mediators for the epidemiologic overlap between osteoporosis and dementia are unclear. We undertook a scoping review of clinical studies to identify genetic and biological factors linked with these degenerative conditions, exploring the mechanisms and pathways connecting both conditions. Methods: Studies selected (1) involved clinical research investigating genetic factors or biomarkers associated with dementia or osteoporosis, and (2) were published in English in a peer-reviewed journal between July 1993 and March 2025. We searched Medline Ovid, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science databases, Google Scholar, and the reference lists of studies following the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Results: Twenty-three studies were included in this review. These explored the role of the APOE polymorphism (n = 2) and the APOE4 allele (n = 13), associations between TREM2 mutation and late onset AD (n = 1), and associations between amyloid beta and bone remodeling (n = 1); bone-related biomarkers like DKK1, OPG, and TRAIL as predictors of cognitive change (n = 2); extracellular vesicles as bone\u2013brain communication pathways (1); and the role of dementia-related genes (n = 1), AD-related CSF biomarkers (n = 1), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (n = 1) in osteoporosis\u2013dementia pathophysiology. Conclusions: Bone-related biomarkers active in the Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin pathway (Dkk1 and sclerostin) and the RANKL\/RANK\/OPG pathway (OPG\/TRAIL ratio) present consistent evidence of involvement in AD and osteoporosis development. Reports proposing APOE4 as a causal genetic link for both osteoporosis and AD in women are not corroborated by newer observational studies. The role of A\u03b2 toxicity in osteoporosis development is unverified in a large clinical study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics10040096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T11:44:05Z","timestamp":1753098245000},"page":"96","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Potential Biological and Genetic Links Between Dementia and Osteoporosis: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4053-3608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abayomi N.","family":"Ogunwale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0676-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul E.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jude K.","family":"des Bordes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joan and Stanford Alexander Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2972-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florent","family":"Elefteriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0075-5836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nahid J.","family":"Rianon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joan and Stanford Alexander Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1515\/fhep-2014-0013","article-title":"The Value of Delaying Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Onset","volume":"18","author":"Zissimopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forum Health Econ. 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