{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T17:26:56Z","timestamp":1788110816118,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["(NIH) (U54HG006938)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(NIH) (U54HG006938)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Frailty is a common syndrome amongst older individuals characterized by a progressive long-term loss of physical and or cognitive resilience. Given the high prevalence and chronic conditions and the lack of literature on frailty among rural older individuals in South Africa, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in older individuals residing in Limpopo province. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, comprising 546 participants (48.4% males and 51.6% females) using Africa Wits-INDEPTH Partnership for Genomic Research (AWI-Gen) phase 2 data. Convenient sampling was used to select the participants. Frailty was measured using the five criteria proposed by Fried. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 27. Results: The mean age (SD) of the participants was 66.78 \u00b1 5.72. The proportion of individuals living with frailty was 26.4%. Individuals living with frailty were significantly older than both pre-frail and non-frail individuals. Current smokers significantly had higher proportion of frailty compared to both pre-frail and non-frail. The proportion of frailty reduced as the level of education increased. The present study found no association between biological sex and frailty. The likelihood of having frailty increased with age. On the unadjusted model, there was a significant association between frailty and 66 and above age group (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.00\u20132.60). On the fully adjusted model the same age group was 1.75 more likely to be frail with a p value of 0.001. The present study found no significant association between marital status, smoking, alcohol status, current smoker, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity with frailty. Centrally obese participants were 0.48 and 0.37 times less likely to have frailty on unadjusted and adjusted models, respectively. Participants with dyslipidemia indicated by high total cholesterol (TC) were 2.25 times more likely to be associated with frailty. Conclusions: The prevalence of frailty was 26.4% and it was associated with age, educational status and dyslipidemia. Based on the findings of the present study, the authors recommend implementation of screening programs, for frailty in healthcare settings, especially targeting older adults with comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics10050134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:17:35Z","timestamp":1761056255000},"page":"134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Frailty and Associated Sociodemographic, Biomedical, and Biochemical Factors Amongst Participants Residing in Limpopo Province, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Reneilwe Given","family":"Mashaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga St, Polokwane 0727, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8180-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kagiso P.","family":"Seakamela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga St, Polokwane 0727, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga St, Polokwane 0727, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1338-6523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon S. R.","family":"Choma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga St, Polokwane 0727, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2843-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Maimela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape 5117, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4635-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Tlouyamma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga St, Polokwane 0727, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3338-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cairo Bruce","family":"Ntimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Sovenga St, Polokwane 0727, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga St, Polokwane 0727, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veronese, N. 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