{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:31:21Z","timestamp":1787812281587,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite having the same histopathological characteristics, early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) patients show some distinct clinical and neuropsychological profiles. Early Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment (EOMCI) is a less characterized group. The aim of this study is to characterize MCI probably due to AD in terms of the clinical, genetic, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers profile and conversion rate of EOMCI, compared to the late-onset form (LOMCI). Methods: 159 MCI patients were divided in two groups: 52 EOMCI (onset &lt; 65 years) and 107 LOMCI (onset \u2265 65 years). We investigated differences in neuropsychological scores, clinical variables, ApoE genotype, CSF biomarkers (A\u03b242, t-Tau and p-Tau) in both groups. Conversion was ascertained during follow-up. Results: EOMCI showed a longer duration of symptoms prior to the first evaluation (EOMCI = 4.57 vs. LOMCI = 3.31, p = 0.008) and scored higher on the subjective memory complaints scale (9.91 vs. 7.85, p = 0.008), but performed better in brief cognitive tests (27.81 vs. 26.51, p &lt; 0.001 in Mini-Mental State Examination; 19.84 vs. 18.67, p = 0.005 in Montreal Cognitive Assessment) than LOMCI. ApoE genotype distribution and CSF biomarker profile were similar in both groups, as was the conversion risk. Lower A\u03b242 (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.998, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = [0.996\u20131.000], p = 0.042), higher t-Tau levels (HR: 1.003, 95%CI = [1.000\u20131.005], p = 0.039) and higher scores in the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (HR: 1.186, 95%CI = [1.083\u20131.299], p = 0.002) increased the risk of conversion. Discussion: Despite differences in memory performance and memory complaints, EOMCI and LOMCI seem to represent indistinct biological groups that do not have a higher risk of conversion to AD or differ in risk factors for conversion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics1020011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T10:02:36Z","timestamp":1461578556000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Prognosis of Early-Onset vs. Late-Onset Mild Cognitive Impairment: Comparison of Conversion Rates and Its Predictors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"T\u00e1buas-Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8106-7308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Baldeiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry laboratory, Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9818-9862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Duro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology unit, Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Neuropsychology unit, Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry laboratory, Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8950-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry laboratory, Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Neuropsychology unit, Neurology department, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S4","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts","volume":"54","author":"Lobo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurolo. 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