{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:31:31Z","timestamp":1785429091524,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hokuriku University Special Research","award":["2024250103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024250103"]}]},{"award":["2024250103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024250103"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04wcpjy25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["24K14017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K14017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Cognitive frailty, the coexistence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is a potentially reversible and high-risk state for dementia. This study examined the association between Color Kanji Pick-out Test (CKPT) app performance and cognitive frailty independent of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in community-dwelling older women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 102 community-dwelling older women without dementia and with MMSE scores \u2265 27 (73.6 \u00b1 6.0 years). Reversible cognitive frailty was defined as subjective cognitive decline (\u22651 point in the cognitive domain of the Kihon Checklist) plus physical frailty or prefrailty, according to the Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS) criteria. Firth\u2019s penalized logistic regression using three prespecified models, adjusted for age and education, was used to examine the independent associations between CKPT app performance and MMSE scores with reversible cognitive frailty. Results: Fourteen participants (13.7%) met the criteria for cognitive frailty. In separate models, higher CKPT app and MMSE scores were significantly associated with lower odds of cognitive frailty (CKPT: odds ratio [OR] 0.470, p = 0.019; MMSE: OR 0.548, p = 0.020). In a multivariable model including both measures, the CKPT app (OR 0.499, p = 0.031) and MMSE scores (OR 0.553, p = 0.031) remained independently associated with cognitive frailty, and this model had the lowest Akaike information criterion. Conclusions: The CKPT app performance was independently associated with cognitive frailty beyond global cognition. The CKPT app may detect subtle executive and attentional vulnerabilities not captured by the MMSE, supporting practical, objective, early screening and risk stratification of cognitive frailty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics11020041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T07:48:07Z","timestamp":1775720887000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association Between the Color Kanji Pick-Out Test App Performance and Cognitive Frailty as a Potential Early Screening Marker for Cognitive Decline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9730-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akio","family":"Goda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokuriku University Well-Being Research Team, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1154, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2312-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Katsurasako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tashiro Clinic, Keiyu-Kai Medical Corporation, Koka 528-0007, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3326-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara 582-0026, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki 842-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka 811-0213, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1620-9371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe International University, Kobe 658-0032, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Mitsumaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIZ Co., Ltd., Saga 840-0054, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaki","family":"Shimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BME Research Laboratory, Sosei Ltd., Hamamatsu 432-8002, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.35772\/ghm.2023.01047","article-title":"A policy overview of Japan\u2019s progress on dementia care in a super-aged society and future challenges","volume":"6","author":"Ishihara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. 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