{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:24:13Z","timestamp":1777861453050,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"FAPERGS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Junior Post-Doctorate"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"CNPq-Brazil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302822\/2019-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302822\/2019-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In dual-task (DT) conditions, individuals must walk while simultaneously engaging in cognitive or motor tasks, which impacts gait performance, especially in older adults and individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Gait impairments in PD under DT conditions have implications for intersegmental coordination. Research question: Intersegmental coordination and gait biomechanics during the DTs were compared between people with PD and older adults. Methods: Thirty-two individuals (16 PD, H&amp;Y 1\u20133; and 16 older adults) participated in this study and were asked to walk under the following self-selected conditions: single task, DT with a math component, and texting on a cell phone. Spatiotemporal, angular, and intersegmental coordination data were collected using a markerless motion analysis system (OpenCap). Results: Dual-task conditions significantly affected spatiotemporal and kinematic variables, as well as intersegmental coordination. A significant task effect was observed for thigh\u2013shank coordination, whereas no significant group effect was found for the main coordination outcomes. Significance: Significant task effects were observed for intersegmental coordination (thigh\u2013shank CRP), with no significant group differences. The concurrent demands of processing visual and motor information for texting and walking lead to significant reductions in gait speed and lower limb movement, as well as altered intersegmental coordination, with task demands rather than disease status being the primary driver of coordination changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics11030053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:46:11Z","timestamp":1777455971000},"page":"53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Dual Tasking on Intersegmental Coordination During Walking in People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5079-947X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9ria Feij\u00f3","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reference for Aging and Movement, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9399-1098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edilson Fernando de","family":"Borba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Education Department, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba 80060-000, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1041-1033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas de Liz","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reference for Aging and Movement, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1742-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo A.","family":"Peyr\u00e9-Tartaruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0305-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via Gomes","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Reference for Aging and Movement, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.09.018","article-title":"Assessment of postural asymmetry in mild to moderate Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"33","author":"Geurts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80768-2","article-title":"Gait parameters of Parkinson\u2019s disease compared with healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zanardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00186-7","article-title":"The effect of levodopa on bilateral coordination and gait asymmetry in Parkinson\u2019s disease using inertial sensor","volume":"7","author":"Son","year":"2021","journal-title":"npj Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-010-2469-y","article-title":"Effects of cognitive function on gait and dual tasking abilities in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease suffering from motor response fluctuations","volume":"208","author":"Plotnik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ippersiel, P., Dixon, P.C., Warmerdam, E., Romijnders, R., Maetzler, W., and Hansen, C. (2025). Influence of Gait Speed on Inter-Joint Coordination in People with and Without Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Biosensors, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15060367"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dipaola, M., Pavan, E.E., Cattaneo, A., Frazzitta, G., Pezzoli, G., Cavallari, P., Frigo, C.A., and Isaias, I.U. (2016). Mechanical energy recovery during walking in patients with Parkinson disease. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156420"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14095","article-title":"Biomechanical responses of Nordic walking in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Zanardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321999053","article-title":"Dual-task effects during a motor-cognitive task in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Patterns of prioritization and the influence of cognitive status","volume":"35","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabilit. Neural Repair"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","article-title":"Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Aarsland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.12.012","article-title":"A meta-analysis: Parkinson\u2019s disease and dual-task walking","volume":"62","author":"Raffegeau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Park. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6683-3","article-title":"Characterization of cognitive and motor performance during dual-tasking in healthy older adults and patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"260","author":"Wild","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"918719","article-title":"A review of dual-task walking deficits in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: Motor and cognitive contributions, mechanisms, and clinical implications","volume":"2012","author":"Kelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Z., Zhang, X., Mao, C., Liu, T., Li, X., Zhu, W., Wang, C., and Sun, Y. (2023). Effects of Mobile Phone Use on Gait and Balance Control in Young Adults: A Hip\u2013Ankle Strategy. Bioengineering, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10060665"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fino, P.C., Mancini, M., Curtze, C., Nutt, J.G., and Horak, F.B. (2018). Gait stability has phase-dependent dual-task costs in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front. Neurol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00373"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruijn, S.M., Van Die\u00ebn, J.H., and Daffertshofer, A. (2015). Beta activity in the premotor cortex is increased during stabilized as compared to normal walking. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00593"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","article-title":"The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427","article-title":"Parkinsonism: Onset, progression, and mortality","volume":"17","author":"Hoehn","year":"1967","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20213","article-title":"Movement Disorder Society Task Force report on the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale: Status and recommendations the Movement Disorder Society Task Force on rating scales for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Goetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2085-1429","article-title":"Determinants of dual-task gait speed in older adults with and without Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uhlrich, S.D., Falisse, A., Kidzi\u0144ski, \u0141., Muccini, J., Ko, M., Chaudhari, A.S., Hicks, J.L., and Delp, S.L. (2023). OpenCap: Human movement dynamics from smartphone videos. PLoS Comput. Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011462"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Borba, E.F., Storniolo, J.L., Cerfoglio, S., Capodaglio, P., Cimolin, V., Peyr\u00e9-Tartaruga, L.A., Tartaruga, M.P., and Cavallari, P. (2025). Effect of Walking Speed on the Reliability of a Smartphone-Based Markerless Gait Analysis System. Sensors, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/s25206474"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Winter, D.A. (1991). Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Gait: Normal, Elderly and Pathological, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.03.032","article-title":"Order error in the calculation of continuous relative phase","volume":"73","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2014.03.008","article-title":"On the use of continuous relative phase: Review of current approaches and outline for a new standard","volume":"29","author":"Lamb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.09.006","article-title":"Age-related changes in upper body adaptation to walking speed in human locomotion","volume":"22","author":"McDermott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2023.04.012","article-title":"Effects of aging on arm coordination at different walking speeds","volume":"103","author":"Martins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S444","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21984","article-title":"The role of gait rhythmicity and bilateral coordination of stepping in the pathophysiology of freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Plotnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Off. J. Mov. Disord. Soc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1037\/h0045186","article-title":"The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: A review","volume":"65","author":"Cohen","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.03.001","article-title":"Effect of walking speed on the intersegmental coordination of lower-limb segments in elderly adults","volume":"70","author":"Dewolf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.24072\/pcjournal.387","article-title":"Interlimb coordination in Parkinson\u2019s Disease is minimally affected by a visuospatial dual task","volume":"4","author":"Hill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Peer Community J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1159\/000520959","article-title":"Associations of Gait Disorders and Recurrent Falls in Older People: A Prospective Population-Based Study","volume":"68","author":"Marini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104027","article-title":"Bilateral coordination of gait at self-selected and fast speed in patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study","volume":"65","author":"Correale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y.P., Lin, I.I., Chiou, W.D., Chang, H.C., Chen, R.S., Lu, C.S., and Chang, Y.J. (2023). The Executive-Function-Related Cognitive\u2013Motor Dual Task Walking Performance and Task Prioritizing Effect on People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11040567"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2023.111801","article-title":"Concurrent validity of smartphone-based markerless motion capturing to quantify lower-limb joint kinematics in healthy and pathological gait","volume":"159","author":"Horsak","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cerfoglio, S., Lopes Storniolo, J., de Borba, E.F., Cavallari, P., Galli, M., Capodaglio, P., and Cimolin, V. (2025). Smartphone-Based Gait Analysis with OpenCap: A Narrative Review. Biomechanics, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics5040088"}],"container-title":["Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3417\/11\/3\/53\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1777522329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3417\/11\/3\/53"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["geriatrics11030053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geriatrics11030053","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2308-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]}}}