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Methods: In this randomized controlled pilot study, fifteen glaucoma patients (MMI: n = 8, UMI: n = 7) completed 24 supervised intervention sessions over 12 weeks. Spatio-temporal gait parameters (stride length, gait velocity, minimum toe clearance [MTC], and their respective coefficient of variance [CoV]) were assessed using inertial measurement units (sampling frequency 100 Hz) during ST and DT walking. During DT walking, the participants performed three cognitive tasks: reaction time task, N-Back task, and letter fluency task. Each cognitive task was performed with two levels of difficulty. Repeated measures analysis of covariance (TIME \u00d7 INTERVENTION \u00d7 CONDITION) was conducted to analyze the data. Results: No significant group or time effects were observed for ST walking or cognitive performance. Independent of intervention, dual-task costs (DTC) improved for MTC (p = 0.188, \u03b7p2 = 0.205) and MTCCoV (p = 0.021, \u03b7p2 = 0.713) over time. UMI showed greater improvements over time than MMI for DTC MTC (p = 0.168, \u03b7p2 = 0.223) and DTC MTCCoV (p = 0.047, \u03b7p2 = 0.407). Conclusions: This pilot study indicated that both MMI and UMI decreased DTC MTC and DTC MTCCoV in glaucoma patients, with probably higher effects after UMI. These preliminary findings must be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size, but the provided effect size measures and sample size calculations can be used for future randomized controlled trials to verify and extend these results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics11040095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:32:13Z","timestamp":1785403933000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of a Multimodal Exercise Intervention on Single- and Dual-Task Gait Performance in Older Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0018-0125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantin W.","family":"Freitag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestra\u00dfe 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Research Methods and Analysis Procedures in Sports Science, University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Olympischer Weg 7, 14471 Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre, Doberaner Stra\u00dfe 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bielitzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Science and Exercise Physiology, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Behrendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestra\u00dfe 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaldoon O.","family":"Al-Nosairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Moffack Djuloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francie H.","family":"Stolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagen","family":"Thieme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6452-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael B.","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Behavioral Brain Research, Universit\u00e4tsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0421-0796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lutz","family":"Schega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestra\u00dfe 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3192","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma: A review","volume":"311","author":"Weinreb","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16257-0","article-title":"Primary open-angle glaucoma","volume":"363","author":"Weinreb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators (2021). 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