{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:01:47Z","timestamp":1785477707201,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc.","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) affects up to 13% of persons 65 years and older and 51% of older persons in nursing homes and can contribute to reduced adherence to oral medications. This was an exploratory, single-center, open-label, randomized, crossover study in healthy older adult participants. Primary objectives were evaluation of palatability (taste) and swallowability of the contents of pimavanserin 34 mg capsules mixed with selected soft foods or a liquid nutritional supplement. Secondary objectives included evaluation of additional palatability endpoints and ease of capsule manipulation for mixing. A total of 18 healthy, older adult participants (mean age 65 years) were included. Mean participant ratings for all food vehicles were \u201cmoderately like\u201d to \u201cneither like nor dislike\u201d for palatability and \u201cvery easy\u201d to \u201csomewhat easy\u201d for swallowability. Capsule manipulation to allow sprinkling of contents was rated \u201cvery easy\u201d or \u201csomewhat easy\u201d by most participants. There were five treatment-emergent adverse events, all mild; two were deemed related to study treatment. The palatability and swallowability of pimavanserin was considered acceptable when administered with certain soft foods or a liquid nutritional supplement by the study participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics6020061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T21:24:29Z","timestamp":1623792269000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Palatability and Swallowability of Pimavanserin When Mixed with Selected Food Vehicles: An Exploratory Open-Label Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Forman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Kouassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Barsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Worldwide Clinical Trials, Morrisville, NC 27709, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2228-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daryl","family":"Dekarske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62106-6","article-title":"Pimavanserin for patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease psychosis: A randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"383","author":"Cummings","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Pimavanserin: A novel drug approved to treat Parkinson\u2019s disease psychosis","volume":"15","author":"Kitten","year":"2018","journal-title":"Innov. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509107007","article-title":"Review: Treatment of early multiple sclerosis: The value of treatment initiation after a first clinical episode","volume":"15","author":"Goodin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2020, October 30). Nuplazid Dosing Information. Available online: https:\/\/www.nuplazidhcp.com\/dosing."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S97481","article-title":"Oropharyngeal dysphagia in older persons\u2014From pathophysiology to adequate intervention: A review and summary of an international expert meeting","volume":"11","author":"Wirth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2013.827660","article-title":"Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly","volume":"13","author":"Maher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009533","article-title":"Neuroleptic-induced dysphagia","volume":"12","author":"Sokoloff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9695-9","article-title":"A systematic review of the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, head injury, and pneumonia","volume":"31","author":"Takizawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e318258381b","article-title":"Altered pharyngeal muscles in Parkinson disease","volume":"71","author":"Mu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3182965886","article-title":"Parkinson disease affects peripheral sensory nerves in the pharynx","volume":"72","author":"Mu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2017.05.026","article-title":"Swallowing dysfunctions in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"134","author":"Simons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.01.038","article-title":"Methodologies for assessing the acceptability of oral formulations among children and older adults: A systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Ranmal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (2018). Use of Liquids and\/or Soft Foods as Vehicles for Drug Administration: General Considerations for Selection and in Vitro Methods for Product Quality Assessments (Draft Guidance for Industry)."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (EMA) (2021, May 11). Reflection Paper on the Pharmaceutical Development of Medicines for Use in the Older Population. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/scientific-guideline\/draft-reflection-paper-pharmaceutical-development-medicines-use-older-population-first-version_en.pdf."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270007299431","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and safety of ACP-103 following single or multiple oral dose administration in healthy volunteers","volume":"47","author":"Vanover","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S164406","article-title":"A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down? A review of strategies for making pills easier to swallow","volume":"12","author":"Forough","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Prefer. Adherence"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.03.007","article-title":"Acceptability of oral solid medicines in older adults with and without dysphagia: A nested pilot validation questionnaire based observational study","volume":"512","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70068-7","article-title":"Pegylated interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (ADVANCE): A randomised, phase 3, double-blind study","volume":"13","author":"Calabresi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S121905","article-title":"Oral drug therapy in elderly with dysphagia: Between a rock and a hard place!","volume":"12","author":"Logrippo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9671-9","article-title":"Dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Suttrup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-011-9729-4","article-title":"Characterization of oral disintegrating film containing donepezil for Alzheimer disease","volume":"13","author":"Liew","year":"2012","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.08.021","article-title":"The effect of administration media on palatability and ease of swallowing of multiparticulate formulations","volume":"551","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27446-6","article-title":"Acceptability of placebo multiparticulate formulations in children and adults","volume":"8","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3417\/6\/2\/61\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:14:18Z","timestamp":1760163258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3417\/6\/2\/61"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["geriatrics6020061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geriatrics6020061","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2308-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]}}}