{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:41:42Z","timestamp":1781707302458,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Changes in vertebral body height depend on various factors which were analyzed in isolation and not as a whole. The aim of this study is to analyze what factors might influence the restoration of the vertebral body height after vertebral augmentation. We analyzed 48 patients (108 vertebrae) with osteoporotic vertebral fractures who underwent vertebral augmentation when a conservative treatment proved to be unsatisfactory. The analyses were carried out at the time of the fracture, during surgery (pre-cementation and post-cementation), at the first medical check-up (6 weeks post-surgery) and at the last medical check-up. The average vertebral height was measured, and the differences from the preoperative values were calculated at each timepoint. A Pearson correlation coefficient and a linear multivariable regression were carried out at different timepoints. The time since the vertebral fracture was 60.4 \u00b1 41.7 days. The patients\u2019 average age was 73.8 \u00b1 7 years. The total follow-up period was 1.43 \u00b1 1 year. After vertebral cementation, there was an increase in the vertebral body height of +0.3 cm (13.6%). During the post-operative follow-up, there was a progressive collapse of the vertebral body, and the pre-surgical height was reached. The factors that most influenced the vertebral height restoration were: a grade III collapse, an intervertebral-vacuum-cleft (IVVC) and the use of a flexible trocar before cement augmentation. The factor that negatively influenced the vertebral body height restoration was the location of the thoracolumbar spine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics7060142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T01:52:34Z","timestamp":1670982754000},"page":"142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Vertebral Body Height Changes in Acute Symptomatic Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures Treated with Vertebral Cement Augmentation\u2014Which Factors Affect Vertebral Body Height during Follow-up? A Multiple Linear Regression Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0620-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Payo-Ollero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8790-0428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Llombart-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Villas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5824-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Alfonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Av. Pio XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1762","article-title":"Meta-analysis of vertebral augmentation compared with conservative treatment for osteoporotic spinal fractures","volume":"28","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.05.017","article-title":"Percutaneous vertebroplasty compared with conservative treatment in patients with chronic painful osteoporotic spinal fractures","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.00425","article-title":"Comparing percutaneous vertebroplasty and conservative therapy for treating osteoporotic compression fractures in the thoracic and lumbar spine a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Mattie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"185","article-title":"Increase in Vertebral Body Height after Vertebroplasty","volume":"24","author":"Hiwatashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2373041654","article-title":"Kyphoplasty versus Vertebroplasty to Increase Vertebral Body Height: A Cadaveric Study","volume":"237","author":"Hiwatashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1442","article-title":"Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty Produce the Same Degree of Height Restoration","volume":"30","author":"Hiwatashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W207","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4195","article-title":"Morphologic Change in Vertebral Body After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: Follow-Up With MDCT","volume":"195","author":"Hiwatashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.1.24","article-title":"The Dynamic Mobility of Vertebral Compression Fractures","volume":"18","author":"McKiernan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1893","article-title":"Kyphosis Correction and Height Restoration Effects of Percutaneous Vertebroplasty","volume":"24","author":"Teng","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00026","article-title":"Initial Outcome and Efficacy of \u201cKyphoplasty\u201d in the Treatment of Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures","volume":"26","author":"Lieberman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000093841.72468.a8","article-title":"Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty for Osteolytic Vertebral Collapse","volume":"415","author":"Lieberman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2726","article-title":"Significance of Dynamic Mobility in Restoring Vertebral Body Height in Vertebroplasty","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309499018806700","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499018806700","article-title":"Do the dynamic stress mobility radiographs predict the post-operative vertebral height restoration, kyphosis correction, and cement volume injected after vertebroplasty for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft?","volume":"26","author":"Chiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000113873.07484.5D","article-title":"Weight-bearing radiographs in thoracolumbar fractures: Do they influence management?","volume":"29","author":"Mehta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2013.102","article-title":"The correlation between vertebral wedge-shaped changes in X-ray imaging at supine and standing positions and the efficacy of operative treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fracture in the elderly","volume":"51","author":"Qian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3424","article-title":"In not only vertebroplasty but also kyphoplasty, the resolution of vertebral deformities depends on vertebral mobility","volume":"34","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3283-y","article-title":"Sagittal balance of the spine in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures","volume":"27","author":"Fechtenbaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-016-3359-1","article-title":"Correlation analysis of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and spinal sagittal imbalance","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1405-4","article-title":"The effect of vertebral fracture as a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture and mortality in a Spanish population","volume":"14","author":"Naves","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21514593221100238","DOI":"10.1177\/21514593221100238","article-title":"The Short-Term Changes of the Sagittal Spinal Alignments After Acute Vertebral Compression Fracture Receiving Vertebroplasty and Their Relationship With the Change of Bathel Index in the Elderly","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr. Orthop. Surg. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2021.0062","article-title":"Correlation of Sagittal Imbalance and Recollapse after Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A Multivariate Study of Risk Factors","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915","article-title":"Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique","volume":"8","author":"Genant","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-012-1026-8","article-title":"Is there a stable vertebral height restoration with the new radiofrequency kyphoplasty? A clinical and radiological study","volume":"23","author":"Zarghooni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2017.13.2.119","article-title":"K\u00fcmmell\u2019s Disease Treated with Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: Minimum 1 Year Follow-Up","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0468-y","article-title":"Infection following percutaneous vertebral augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001103900432","article-title":"Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: Surgery versus Non-Operative Management","volume":"39","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2017.09.019","article-title":"Differences in short-term clinical and radiological outcomes depending on timing of balloon kyphoplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fracture","volume":"23","author":"Takahashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0952-8","article-title":"Balloon kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A prospective, comparative, and randomized clinical study","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2525-5","article-title":"Vertebroplasty versus kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: A meta-analysis of prospective comparative studies","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."}],"container-title":["Geriatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3417\/7\/6\/142\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:40:53Z","timestamp":1760146853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2308-3417\/7\/6\/142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["geriatrics7060142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geriatrics7060142","relation":{},"ISSN":["2308-3417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2308-3417","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]}}}