{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T02:50:32Z","timestamp":1780109432949,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geriatrics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Delirium and dementia are two of the most common geriatric syndromes, which requires innovative rehabilitation approaches. Aim: We aimed at determining which occupational therapy and physiotherapy interventions are applied with older people with delirium and dementia in different care settings. We also identified the assessment tools that were used. Materials and methods: We conducted a literature search for scientific articles published from 2012 to 2022 (PubMed, MEDLINE, AMED and CINAHL) with adults aged &gt;65 years including experimental study designs with randomized or non-randomized intervention, exploratory studies, pilot studies, quasi-experimental studies, case series and\/or clinical cases. Studies that did not use interventions that could be classified as occupational therapy or physiotherapy were excluded. Results: After applying the exclusion criteria, 9 articles were selected. The most widely used assessment to define dementia was the MMSE (N = 5; 55.5%), whereas the CAM (N = 2; 22.2%), CAM-ICU (N = 2; 22.2%) and RASS (N = 3; 33.3%) were the most widely used to define delirium. The rehabilitation interventions that were most frequently performed were early mobilization, inclusion of the caregiver during treatment, modification of the environment to encourage orientation and autonomy, the interprofessional systemic approach and engaging persons in meaningful activities. Conclusions: Despite the growing evidence on its effectiveness, the role of physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions in the prevention and treatment of people with dementia and delirium is still emerging. More research is needed to investigate if effective occupational therapy programs known to reduce the behavioral and psychological symptoms in people with dementia are also useful for treating delirium and specifically delirium superimposed on dementia. Regarding physiotherapy, it is crucial to know about the amount and timing of intervention required. Further studies are needed including older adults with delirium superimposed on dementia to define the role of the interprofessional geriatric rehabilitation team.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics8020028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T05:01:32Z","timestamp":1677042092000},"page":"28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Innovative Non-Pharmacological Management of Delirium in Persons with Dementia: New Frontiers for Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2355-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Competence on Ageing, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland SUPSI, 6928 Manno, Switzerland"},{"name":"Public Health, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2564-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena C.","family":"Tatzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Strasser-Gugerell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5329-9558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Cavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Competence on Ageing, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland SUPSI, 6928 Manno, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Morandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Speciale \u201cCremona Solidale\u201d, 26100 Cremona, Italy"},{"name":"Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Vall d\u2019Hebr\u00f3n Institute of Research, 08016 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5430-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bellelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Acute Geriatric Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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