{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:21:21Z","timestamp":1789849281061,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drooling can present in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), and it is manifested as an excessive pooling of saliva inside the oral cavity. Currently, the exact pathophysiological mechanism of drooling in PD is not yet fully explicated. Thus, it becomes crucial to understand if some clinical characteristics may emphasize drooling or if they are just concomitant. In PD, excessive drooling has been associated with a higher burden of non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive impairment, sleep problems, autonomic dysfunction, constipation and orthostatic hypotension, and of worse severity of motor fluctuations and bradykinesia. PD patients with excessive drooling also showed a reduction of striatal DAT availability at DaTSCAN imaging. Excessive drooling in patients with Parkinson\u2019s cannot be attributed to a single factor but to a mixture of factors, including but not limited to impaired nigrostriatal pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10030516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T12:58:36Z","timestamp":1647003516000},"page":"516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Pathophysiology and Symptomatology of Drooling in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sotirios","family":"Polychronis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech & Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7495-6863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grigorios","family":"Nasios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech & Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efthimios","family":"Dardiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, 412 23 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lambros","family":"Messinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennaro","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exeter Medical School, White City, London W12 0HR, UK"},{"name":"Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. 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