{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:03:59Z","timestamp":1790597039567,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejo Zacatecano de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["ZAC-2009-C01-121774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZAC-2009-C01-121774"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most recurrent mental illness globally, affecting approximately 5% of adults. Furthermore, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) of the U.S., calculating an actual schizophrenia prevalence rate is challenging because of this illness\u2019s underdiagnosis. Still, most current global metrics hover between 0.33% and 0.75%. Machine-learning scientists use data from diverse sources to analyze, classify, or predict to improve the psychiatric attention, diagnosis, and treatment of MDD, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric conditions. Motor activity data are gaining popularity in mental illness diagnosis assistance because they are a cost-effective and noninvasive method. In the knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) framework, a model to classify depressive and schizophrenic patients from healthy controls is constructed using accelerometer data. Taking advantage of the multiple sleep disorders caused by mental disorders, the main objective is to increase the model\u2019s accuracy by employing only data from night-time activity. To compare the classification between the stages of the day and improve the accuracy of the classification, the total activity signal was cut into hourly time lapses and then grouped into subdatasets depending on the phases of the day: morning (06:00\u201311:59), afternoon (12:00\u201317:59), evening (18:00\u201323:59), and night (00:00\u201305:59). Random forest classifier (RFC) is the algorithm proposed for multiclass classification, and it uses accuracy, recall, precision, the Matthews correlation coefficient, and F1 score to measure its efficiency. The best model was night-featured data and RFC, with 98% accuracy for the classification of three classes. The effectiveness of this experiment leads to less monitoring time for patients, reducing stress and anxiety, producing more efficient models, using wearables, and increasing the amount of data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10071256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T10:21:33Z","timestamp":1657016493000},"page":"1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Classification of Depressive and Schizophrenic Episodes Using Night-Time Motor Activity Signal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-8049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julieta G.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Galv\u00e1n-Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5714-7482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huizilopoztli","family":"Luna-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9498-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamurabi","family":"Gamboa-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6847-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Celaya-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONACYT, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7240-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 G.","family":"Arceo-Olague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7555-5655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge I.","family":"Galv\u00e1n Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Acad\u00e9mica de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Zacatecas, Jard\u00edn Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.12.030","article-title":"How is depression experienced around the world? 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