{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:42:27Z","timestamp":1782772947652,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: While the liability risks for obstetrics and gynecology (ob\/gyn) physicians are widely recognized, little is known about how trainees have been involved in ob\/gyn lawsuits. Objectives: To characterize involvement of trainees in malpractice lawsuits related to ob\/gyn. Methods: The legal database Westlaw was utilized to collect ob\/gyn-related malpractice lawsuits involving trainees reported from 1986 to 2020 in the USA. Outcome: Forty-six malpractice cases involving ob\/gyn trainees were identified, including 34 cases related to obstetrics and 12 to gynecology. There were 11 cases alleging lack of informed consent, including 7 cases alleging lack of consent for trainee involvement. Of the 34 obstetrics cases, 27 related to procedural complications, 17 to treatment, 13 to diagnosis, and 4 to informed consent. Of these, 17 were decided in favor of the physician, 6 resulted in findings of negligence, 9 had unknown outcomes, and 3 ended in settlement. For the 6 cases ending in a finding of negligence, the mean award was $2,174,472 compared to $685,000 for those that were settled. Of the 12 gynecology cases, 8 related to procedural complications, 7 to informed consent, 3 to diagnosis, and 2 to treatment. Of these, 6 were decided in favor of the physician, 3 resulted in findings of negligence, and 3 had unknown outcomes. For the cases ending in a finding of negligence, the mean award was $465,000. Conclusions and Outlook: This review of malpractice cases highlights types of situations in which trainees are sued and reveals the importance of designing curriculum around faculty training and supervision regarding trainee involvement in patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10071328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T22:57:06Z","timestamp":1658098626000},"page":"1328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Involving Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology in the USA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1899-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Summer","family":"Ghaith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronna L.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan R.","family":"Pollock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa E.","family":"Torbenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Lindor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, February 18). Latest Medical News, Clinical Trials, Guidelines\u2014Today on Medscape. Available online: https:\/\/www.medscape.com\/slideshow\/2017-malpractice-report-6009206#4."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Carpentieri, A.M., Lumalcuri, J., Shaw, J., and Joseph, G. (2015). American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Survey on Professional Liability, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000003039","article-title":"Characteristics of Paid Malpractice Claims among Resident Physicians from 2001 to 2015 in the United States","volume":"95","author":"Glover","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-11-00135.1","article-title":"Impact of the medical liability crisis on post residency training and practice decisions in obstetrics-gynecology","volume":"4","author":"Blanchard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Grad. Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187895.59463.5b","article-title":"Current status of obstetrics and gynecology resident medical-legal education: A survey of program directors","volume":"106","author":"Gilbert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00880-9","article-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology\u2014To be or not to be? Factors influ-encing one\u2019s decision","volume":"189","author":"Fogarty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.037","article-title":"Trends in malpractice claims for obstetric and gynecologic procedures, 2005 through 2014","volume":"217","author":"Glaser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"AJMC (2021, February 18). Physician Shortage Likely to Impact OB\/GYN Workforce in Coming Years. Available online: https:\/\/www.ajmc.com\/view\/physician-shortage-likely-to-impact-obgyn-workforce-in-coming-years."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1097\/01.smj.0000286757.82926.48","article-title":"Why are fewer medical students in Florida choosing obstetrics and gyne-cology?","volume":"100","author":"Deutsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"South Med. J."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Rodziewicz, T.L., Houseman, B., and Hipskind, J.E. (2022). Medical Error Reduction and Prevention, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrucci, E., Vittori, A., Cascella, M., Vergallo, A., Fiore, G., Luciani, A., Pizzi, B., Degan, G., Fineschi, V., and Marinangeli, F. (2021). Litigation in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Units: An Italian Retrospective Study. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9081012"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.03.025","article-title":"Looking through the retrospectoscope: Reducing bias in emergency medicine chart review studies","volume":"64","author":"Kaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2012.0967","article-title":"On average, physicians spend nearly 11 percent of their 40-year careers with an open, unresolved malpractice claim","volume":"32","author":"Seabury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.2979","article-title":"Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Involving Surgical Residents","volume":"153","author":"Thiels","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12342","article-title":"Anesthesia- and opioids-related malpractice claims following tonsillectomy in USA: LexisNexis claims database 1984\u20132012","volume":"24","author":"Subramanyam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2018.07.012","article-title":"Second victim: Malpractice disputes and quality of life among primary care physicians","volume":"118","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, H., Cobucci, R., Oliveira, A., Cabral, J.V., Medeiros, L., Gurgel, K., Souza, T., and Gon\u00e7alves, A.K. (2018). Burnout syndrome among medical residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206840"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2022, July 16). State Operations Manual Appendix A\u2014Survey Protocol, Regulations and Interpretive Guidelines for Hospitals, Available online: https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Regulations-and-Guidance\/Guidance\/Manuals\/Downloads\/som107ap_a_hospitals.pdf."}],"container-title":["Healthcare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/10\/7\/1328\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:52:31Z","timestamp":1760140351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/10\/7\/1328"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["healthcare10071328"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10071328","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9032"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9032","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]]}}}