{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:39:29Z","timestamp":1789504769244,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Role of Ischemic Cholangiopathy in situations of liver dysfunction","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028956"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal cholestasis (NC) starts during the first three months of life and comprises extrahepatic and intrahepatic groups of diseases, some of which have high morbimortality rates if not timely identified and treated. Prolonged jaundice, clay-colored or acholic stools, and choluria in an infant indicate the urgent need to investigate the presence of NC, and thenceforth the differential diagnosis of extra- and intrahepatic causes of NC. The differential diagnosis of NC is a laborious process demanding the accurate exclusion of a wide range of diseases, through the skillful use and interpretation of several diagnostic tests. A wise integration of clinical-laboratory, histopathological, molecular, and genetic evaluations is imperative, employing extensive knowledge about each evaluated disease as well as the pitfalls of each diagnostic test. Here, we review the difficulties involved in correctly diagnosing the cause of cholestasis in an affected infant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10102012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T20:53:29Z","timestamp":1665608009000},"page":"2012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Protocols of Investigation of Neonatal Cholestasis\u2014A Critical Appraisal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Quelhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Science Investigation Center of University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Jacinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine Department, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, 6201-001 Covilha, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0673-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cerski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Pathology Service of Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7202-8059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Diagn\u00f3stico Histopatol\u00f3gico (CEDAP), 3000-377 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3924-6385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Predictive and Preventive Genetics (CGPP), IBMC, UnIGENe, i3S, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Hospital da Crian\u00e7a de Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70330-150, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3839-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Science Investigation Center of University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-009-0081-8","article-title":"Cholestatic Liver Disease in Children","volume":"12","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. 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