{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:44:35Z","timestamp":1793144675879,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa Ia\u0219i\u201d Ph.D. Scholarships","award":["GAR2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAR2023"]}]},{"name":"Romanian Academy","award":["GAR2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAR2023"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPATRIMONIU\u201d Foundation","award":["GAR2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAR2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Virtual Reality (VR) is an emerging non-pharmacological treatment for anxiety in palliative care patients. Anxiety, a common symptom in this population, has a significant effect on living standards. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of VR interventions in reducing anxiety and improving quality of life in palliative care. Methods: The systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024517914). The comprehensive search was performed in nine databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, and included studies published up to 15 November 2024. RCTs, pilot studies, and feasibility trials involving adult palliative care patients in which VR interventions were used, were compared with standard care. Two reviewers independently extracted and assessed the quality of the data using the RoB 2 tool. Results: A total of 13 studies were considered eligible, with 333 participants aged 15 to 85 years old. In these experiments, anxiety decreased steadily, and in some cases mood and quality of life were improved significantly. The VR interventions ranged from guided nature walks to memory-training sessions. Sessions lasted between 5 and 30 min and ranged in duration from single sessions to daily use. Personalized and participatory VR-based content was particularly effective in alleviating anxiety. The heterogeneity of the study designs and VR protocols hampered meta-analysis, despite promising findings. Conclusions: VR has considerable potential as an adjunctive anxiety therapy for palliative care. The personalization and immersion that VR provides are psychologically unique and have the potential to lower anxiety and improve well-being. But standardizing intervention protocols and more studies are required to define the best VR strategies and evaluate outcomes over the long term. The article highlights the promise of VR as part of palliative care as a viable bio-psycho-socio-spiritual approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12242517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T06:29:30Z","timestamp":1733984970000},"page":"2517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Systematic Review of Virtual Reality\u2019s Impact on Anxiety During Palliative Care"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8374-4255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra-Maria","family":"Gaina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Romanian Academy, Carol I Boulevard 8, 700506 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristinel","family":"Stefanescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Romanian Academy, Carol I Boulevard 8, 700506 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry \u201cSocola\u201d, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea-Silvana","family":"Szalontay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry \u201cSocola\u201d, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0533-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel-Alexandru","family":"Gaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Romanian Academy, Carol I Boulevard 8, 700506 Ia\u0219i, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry \u201cSocola\u201d, 36 Bucium Street, 700282 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Romanian National Palliative Care Association, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Main Building A1, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2503-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Poroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Romanian National Palliative Care Association, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Main Building A1, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Palliative Care, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Viorica","family":"Mosoiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Romanian National Palliative Care Association, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Main Building A1, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Bra\u0219ov, Eroilor Boulevard 29, 500036 Bra\u0219ov, Romania"},{"name":"HOSPICE Casa Speran\u021bei, Sitei Street 17A, Brasov 500074, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan-Victor","family":"Stefanescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine\u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Axinte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Romanian Academy, Carol I Boulevard 8, 700506 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-725X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina-Maria","family":"Tofan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Romanian Academy, Carol I Boulevard 8, 700506 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liviu Adrian","family":"Magurianu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Romanian Academy, Carol I Boulevard 8, 700506 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31020049","article-title":"Positive Psychological Well-Being in Early Palliative Care: A Narrative Review of the Roles of Hope, Gratitude, and Death Acceptance","volume":"31","author":"Bandieri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.56808\/2586-940X.1066","article-title":"Anxiety and Depression in Palliative Care Cancer Patients in Vietnam: Baseline Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care Versus Standard Care","volume":"38","author":"Truong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.5152\/FNJN.2023.23016","article-title":"Anxiety, Dyspnea Management, and Quality of Life in Palliative Care Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"31","author":"Seven","year":"2023","journal-title":"Florence Nightingale J. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, G.S.G., Meira, K.C., de Souza, A.H., and Guimar\u00e3es, N.S. (2023). Anxiety and Depression Disorders in Oncological Patients under Palliative Care at a Hospital Service: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Palliat. Care, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-023-01233-1"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.47065\/jharma.v3i3.2851","article-title":"Efektivitas Intervensi Relaksasi Imaginasi Terbimbing Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Dan Nyeri Pada Pasien Paliatif","volume":"3","author":"Wulandari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"608","article-title":"Quality of Life, Anxiety, Depression, and Distress in Patients with Advanced and Metastatic Lung Cancer","volume":"21","author":"Bello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Palliat. Support. Care"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2024.2377998","article-title":"All Palliative Care Should Be Integrative Palliative Care","volume":"38","author":"Chiaramonte","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pain Palliat. Care Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-021-3500-9","article-title":"Reframing Palliative Care: An East-West Integrative Palliative Care Model","volume":"27","author":"Mattai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.59613\/global.v2i5.144","article-title":"Towards Holistic Healthcare: Integrating Traditional and Modern Medicine for Improved Patient Outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Kustiyati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Int. J. Innov. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijnen, J., Gordon, N.L., Hullenaar, G.v., Pont, M.L., Geijselaers, M.W.H., Van Oosterwijck, J., and de Jong, J. (2023). An Interdisciplinary Multimodal Integrative Healthcare Program for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders. Front. Psychiatry, 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1113356"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4562","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00857","article-title":"Integrative Oncology Care of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Adults With Cancer: Society for Integrative Oncology\u2013ASCO Guideline","volume":"41","author":"Carlson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1037\/scp0000202","article-title":"Effect of Yoga-Based Interventions for Anxiety Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"6","author":"Zoogman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spiritual. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"965","article-title":"Carnes How Long Must Humans Live","volume":"69","author":"Bruce","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Geriatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2006.12.11.22399","article-title":"Yoga for Patients and Carers in a Palliative Day Care Setting","volume":"12","author":"McDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Palliat. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.48165\/IRJAY.2024.70703","article-title":"Harnessing the Power of Yoga: An Integrative Review on Anxiety Management","volume":"7","author":"Thakar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Ayurveda Yoga"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, M., Kumar, A., and Shandil, A. (2022). Therapeutic Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in the Management of Mental Disorders, Springer Nature.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-6760-2_3"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44183","DOI":"10.2196\/44183","article-title":"Personalized, Naturalistic Virtual Reality Scenarios Coupled with Web-Based Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training for the General Population: Protocol for a Proof-of-Principle Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"12","author":"Pardini","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Res. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suseno, B., and Hastjarjo, T.D. (2023). The Effect of Simulated Natural Environments in Virtual Reality and 2D Video to Reduce Stress. Front. Psychol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1016652"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"323","article-title":"Effect of Distraction Interventions on Anxiety in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"13","author":"Mathias","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Health Allied Sci. NU"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.3390\/nursrep14030182","article-title":"Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Managing Pain, Fear, and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Needle-Related Procedures: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Magni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.jiaps_62_24","article-title":"Is Virtual Reality Effective in Decreasing Pain during Clinical Procedures among Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Priyadarshini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Indian Assoc. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/pxae067.031","article-title":"32 A Randomized Controlled Trial of Virtual Reality-Based Distraction for Intravenous Cannulation-Related Distress in Children","volume":"29","author":"Hudson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-024-01050-8","article-title":"Intraoperative Use of Virtual Reality Decreases Anxiety during Surgery under Local Anaesthesia in the Head and Neck Region","volume":"28","author":"Tippelt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virtual Real."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"e57557","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality on Anxiety and Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"16","author":"Bashir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100814","article-title":"Virtual Reality for Pain and Anxiety Management in Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiology","volume":"3","author":"Hoekman","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghobadi, A., Moradpoor, H., Sharini, H., Khazaie, H., and Moradpoor, P. (2024). The Effect of Virtual Reality on Reducing Patient\u2019s Anxiety and Pain during Dental Implant Surgery. BMC Oral Health, 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03904-8"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijohd.2021.027","article-title":"Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Eyeglasses as a Distraction Technique in Managing Anxious Paediatric Patients Undergoing Dental Treatment\u2014A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"7","author":"Devan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Health Dent."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e343","DOI":"10.1097\/jnr.0000000000000623","article-title":"Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in the Management of Anxiety and Pain Peri-Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"32","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.48286\/aro.2024.81","article-title":"The Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain and Anxiety in Pediatric Oncology Patients","volume":"4","author":"Nerini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Res. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.53771\/ijstra.2024.6.1.0032","article-title":"A Review of the Integration of Virtual Reality in Healthcare: Implications for Patient Education and Treatment Outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Adeghe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res. Arch."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerlach, C., Haas, L., Greinacher, A., Lantelme, J., Guenther, M., Thiesbonenkamp-Maag, J., Alt-Epping, B., and Wrzus, C. (2024). My Virtual Escape from Patient Life: A Feasibility Study on the Experiences and Benefits of Individualized Virtual Reality for Inpatients in Palliative Cancer Care. BMC Palliat. Care, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-024-01577-2"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, T., and Wang, W. (2024). Relationship between Fear of Evaluation, Ambivalence over Emotional Expression, and Self-Compassion among University Students. BMC Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01629-5"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corvin, J., Hoskinson, Z., Mozolic-Staunton, B., Hattingh, L., and Plumbridge-Jones, R. (2024). The Effects of Virtual Reality Interventions on Occupational Participation and Distress from Symptoms in Palliative Care Patients: A Pilot Study. Palliat. Support. Care, 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951524000245"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1089\/pmr.2024.0022","article-title":"Patient Outcomes of a Virtual Reality-Based Music Therapy Pilot in Palliative Care","volume":"5","author":"Brungardt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Palliat. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liszio, S., B\u00e4uerlein, F., Hildebrand, J., van Nahl, C., Masuch, M., and Basu, O. (2024). Cooperative Virtual Reality Gaming for Anxiety and Pain Reduction in Pediatric Patients and Their Caregivers during Painful Medical Procedures: Research Protocol for a Randomized Control Trial. JMIR Prepr.","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.63098"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitello, L., Marti, F., Mauro, L., Siano, L., Pucci, A., Tarantino, C., Rocco, G., Stievano, A., Iacorossi, L., and Anastasi, G. (2024). The Usefulness of Virtual Reality in Symptom Management during Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202406.1787.v1"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53825","DOI":"10.2196\/53825","article-title":"Effects of Virtual Reality Therapy for Patients with Breast Cancer During Chemotherapy: Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"e2023010","article-title":"Improving the Well-Being of Cancer Hospitalized Patients: SENTIR Meditation Program","volume":"33","author":"Carneiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Confin. Cephalalgica"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5453","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000205453","article-title":"Virtual Reality Treatment in a Neuro-Palliative Care Unit (P5-6.002)","volume":"102","author":"Herwest","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siriborvornratanakul, T. (2016). A Study of Virtual Reality Headsets and Physiological Extension Possibilities. Computational Science and Its Applications\u2013ICCSA 2016, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference, Beijing, China, 4\u20137 July 2016, Springer International Publishing. Proceedings, Part II.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42108-7_38"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"651","article-title":"The Effects of Head Mounted Weight on Comfort for Helmets and Headsets, with a Definition of \u201cComfortable Wear Time\u201d","volume":"7","author":"Odell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito, K., Tada, M., Ujike, H., and Hyodo, K. (2021). Effects of the Weight and Balance of Head-Mounted Displays on Physical Load. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11156802"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Zhuang, J., Liu, Y., Jia, Y., and Huang, Y. (2018). User Discomfort Evaluation Research on the Weight and Wearing Mode of Head-Wearable Device. Advances in Human Factors in Wearable Technologies and Game Design, Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conferences on Human Factors and Wearable Technologies, and Human Factors in Game Design and Virtual Environments, 21\u201325 July 2018, in Loews Sapphire Falls Resort at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida, USA, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, Y., Chen, K., Xie, Y., Song, Y., and Liu, Y. (2018). The Effects of Weight on Comfort of Virtual Reality Devices. Advances in Ergonomics in Design, Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Ergonomics in Design, 21\u201325 July 2018, Loews Sapphire Falls Resort at Universal Studios, Orlando, Florida, USA, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94706-8_27"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, O.K.L., and Lee, A.M. (2023). Case Report: Therapeutic Potential of Flourishing-Life-Of-Wish Virtual Reality Therapy on Relaxation (FLOW-VRT-Relaxation)\u2014A Novel Personalized Relaxation in Palliative Care. Front. Digit. Health, 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1228781"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1145\/3072959.3073622","article-title":"Accommodation and Comfort in Head-Mounted Displays","volume":"36","author":"Koulieris","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.32877\/eb.v7i1.1461","article-title":"Challenges in Consumer Adaptation to Immersive Technologies: A Comprehensive Literature Review","volume":"7","author":"Rachmawati","year":"2024","journal-title":"eCo-Buss"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Higgins, J., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M., and Welch, V. (2024). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.5 (Updated August 2024), Cochrane."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: A Revised Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias in Randomised Trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2021-003173","article-title":"Virtual Reality in Hospice: Improved Patient Well-Being","volume":"11","author":"Lloyd","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002327","article-title":"Virtual Reality in Specialist Palliative Care: A Feasibility Study to Enable Clinical Practice Adoption","volume":"14","author":"Nwosu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schrempf, M.C., Petzold, J., Petersen, M.A., Arndt, T.T., Schiele, S., Vachon, H., Vlasenko, D., Wolf, S., Anthuber, M., and M\u00fcller, G. (2022). A Randomised Pilot Trial of Virtual Reality-Based Relaxation for Enhancement of Perioperative Well-Being, Mood and Quality of Life. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16270-8"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e047626","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047626","article-title":"SafeSpace: What Is the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Codesigned Virtual Reality Intervention, Incorporating Compassionate Mind Training, to Support People Undergoing Cancer Treatment in a Clinical Setting?","volume":"12","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burridge, N., Sillence, A., Teape, L., Clark, B., Bruce, E., Armoogum, J., Leloch, D., Spathis, A., and Etkind, S. (2023). Virtual Reality Reduces Anxiety and Pain in Acute Hospital Palliative Care: Service Evaluation. BMJ Support. Palliat. Care.","DOI":"10.1136\/spcare-2023-004572"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kupczik, L., Farrelly, W., and Wilson, S. (2022). Appraising Virtual Technologies\u2019 Impact on Older Citizens\u2019 Mental Health-A Comparative between 360\u00b0 Video and Virtual Reality. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811250"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moscato, S., Sichi, V., Giannelli, A., Palumbo, P., Ostan, R., Varani, S., Pannuti, R., and Chiari, L. (2021). Virtual Reality in Home Palliative Care: Brief Report on the Effect on Cancer-Related Symptomatology. Front. Psychol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.709154"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951521002017","article-title":"Virtual Reality for Improving Pain and Pain-Related Symptoms in Patients with Advanced Stage Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Trial to Test Feasibility and Acceptability","volume":"20","author":"Kelleher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Palliat. Support. Care"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greinacher, A., Alt-Epping, B., Gerlach, C., and Wrzus, C. (2024). Expected Benefits and Concerns Regarding Virtual Reality in Caring for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients\u2014A Qualitative Interview Study. BMC Palliat. Care, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-024-01557-6"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2024.101318","article-title":"The Tandem VRTM Protocol: Synchronized Nature-Based and Other Outdoor Experiences in Virtual Reality for Hospice Patients and Their Caregivers","volume":"40","author":"McAnirlin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials Commun."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2024.08.002","article-title":"Virtual Reality Videos for Symptom Management in Hospice and Palliative Care","volume":"2","author":"Deming","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc. Digit. Health"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guenther, M., G\u00f6rlich, D., Bernhardt, F., Pogatzki-Zahn, E., Dasch, B., Krueger, J., and Lenz, P. (2022). Virtual Reality Reduces Pain in Palliative Care\u2013A Feasibility Trial. BMC Palliat. Care, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-022-01058-4"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14565","DOI":"10.2196\/14565","article-title":"Design Strategies for Virtual Reality Interventions for Managing Pain and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review","volume":"8","author":"Ahmadpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377960820936163","DOI":"10.1177\/2377960820936163","article-title":"Virtual Reality and Symptoms Management of Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Pain: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Ioannou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sage Open Nurs."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kremeike, K., Frerich, G., Romotzky, V., Bostr\u00f6m, K., Dojan, T., Galushko, M., Shah-Hosseini, K., J\u00fcnger, S., Rodin, G., and Pfaff, H. (2020). The Desire to Die in Palliative Care: A Sequential Mixed Methods Study to Develop a Semi-Structured Clinical Approach. BMC Palliat. Care, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-020-00548-7"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2024.104074","article-title":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Public Speaking Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder","volume":"2024","author":"Seuling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2024.04.020","article-title":"Technological Advances in Treating Anxiety Disorders","volume":"47","author":"Goetter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"7574","article-title":"Virtual Reality Use and Patient Outcomes in Palliative Care: A Scoping Review","volume":"9","author":"Moloney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2022.28.3.132","article-title":"Using Virtual Reality in Palliative Care: A Systematic Integrative Review","volume":"28 3","author":"Carmont","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Palliat. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7516.576-d","article-title":"Embracing Cicely Saunders\u2019s Concept of Total Pain","volume":"331","author":"Ong","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Healthcare"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/12\/24\/2517\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:53:29Z","timestamp":1760115209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9032\/12\/24\/2517"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["healthcare12242517"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare12242517","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9032"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9032","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]}}}