{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:52:23Z","timestamp":1790203943385,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEP 2010\u201321662-C04\u201300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEP 2010\u201321662-C04\u201300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD 289\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD 289\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Requalification of the Spanish University System (2021\u20132023) from the Spanish Ministry of Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEP 2010\u201321662-C04\u201300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEP 2010\u201321662-C04\u201300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Requalification of the Spanish University System (2021\u20132023) from the Spanish Ministry of Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD 289\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD 289\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The longitudinal associations between different modalities of sedentary behaviors (SBs) and sedentary patterns (SPs) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents are unclear. We aimed to analyze the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) association between SB and SP with the MetS score in Spanish children and adolescents. Methods: 76 children (34 females) and 186 adolescents (94 females) were included for SB analyses, and 175 children (82 females) and 188 adolescents (95 females) for SP. Children and adolescents were aged 6\u201311.9 years and 12\u201317.9 years, respectively. SB were assessed by a self-reported questionnaire and SP were determined by accelerometry. The MetS score was computed from the waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels. Different linear regression models were implemented to examine cross-sectional, longitudinal, and change associations of SB and SP with MetS. Results: Total daily SB, educative daily SB, and mean SB were longitudinal and inversely associated with MetS (\u03b2 = \u22120.001, all p &lt; 0.05) in male adolescents, while other daily SB was longitudinal and inversely associated with MetS (\u03b2 = \u22120.002, all p &lt; 0.05) in female adolescents. Changes in screen and other daily SB were directly associated with MetS in female adolescents (\u03b2 = 0.001 to 0.002, all p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, changes in educative daily SB were inversely associated with MetS in female adolescents (\u03b2 = \u22120.001, all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Few associations between SB modalities and the MetS score were found, mainly in adolescents and often in unexpected directions. In male adolescents, total and educative daily SB were negatively associated with MetS. In female adolescents, other daily SB and changes in educative daily SB showed negative associations, while changes in screen-based and other daily SB were positively associated with MetS. No associations were found between SP and MetS. Given the low evidence available to date, more longitudinal studies analyzing SB and SP simultaneously are needed to reach solid conclusions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13192544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:54:31Z","timestamp":1760028871000},"page":"2544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations Between Sedentary Behaviors and Sedentary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: The UP&amp;DOWN Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Delgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of C\u00e1diz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Perez-Bey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of C\u00e1diz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INiBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Conde-Caveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of C\u00e1diz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INiBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8081-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Izquierdo-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of C\u00e1diz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INiBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3281-0118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar L.","family":"Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EstiLIFE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ascensi\u00f3n","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7353-0382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Castro-Pi\u00f1ero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of C\u00e1diz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INiBICA), 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.001","article-title":"Summary of Global Burden of Disease Study Methods","volume":"80","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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