{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:15:12Z","timestamp":1792804512839,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences","award":["P000384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P000384"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02b108x81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Children with myelomeningocele (MMC) often experience lower extremity muscular contractures, which can impact their functional mobility. While standing programs have demonstrated benefits for children with other neuromuscular conditions, there is limited evidence on their use in ambulatory children with MMC who have joint deformities. This single-subject design study examined the impact of a home-based standing program on two ambulatory children with MMC, focusing on lower extremity muscle flexibility, functional movement quality, gait velocity, and participation in daily activities. Methods: Two children participated in a multi-phase single-subject (ABABA) withdrawal design beginning with the baseline phase and then alternating between the intervention and withdrawal phases. The intervention consisted of 60-minute standing sessions, five days a week, using a sit-to-stand stander (STSS) with support and supervision from a physical therapist (PT) and the parent. Primary outcomes included goniometric passive range of motion (PROM) and 10-Meter Walk Test (10 MWT). Secondary outcomes included the Pediatric Neuromuscular Recovery Scale (Peds NRS) and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT). Results: Improvements in hip and knee muscle flexibility were observed during the intervention phases, with some loss during the withdrawal phase. Functional movement quality improved in both children. Gait velocity and participation in daily activity scores remained stable during intervention phases. Parental feedback reflected increased independence and high engagement with the home program. One child discontinued due to a heel injury, highlighting the need for individualized support. Conclusions: Personalized standing programs may improve muscle flexibility and functional movement quality in ambulatory children with MMC. Further research is warranted to determine the optimal dosing regimen, ensure safety, and assess long-term functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13192545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:54:31Z","timestamp":1760028871000},"page":"2545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of a Standing Program for Ambulatory Children with Myelomeningocele: A Single-Subject Design"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5715-5068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Hanover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, San Marcos, CA 92069, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8661-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Ardolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5115-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan B.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.09.039","article-title":"The National Spina Bifida Patient Registry: Profile of a large cohort of participants from the first 10 clinics","volume":"166","author":"Sawin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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