{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:12:31Z","timestamp":1777950751924,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Overhead athletes are at increased risk of shoulder dysfunction due to repetitive, high-velocity movements that can disrupt scapular muscle activation patterns. Whole-body vibration (WBV) has been proposed as a training modality to enhance neuromuscular activation, but its effects on scapular muscle activity and activation timing remain unclear. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of WBV-assisted push-up training on scapular muscle activation and onset latency in university-level overhead athletes. Forty participants were randomly assigned to a WBV group or a control group performing identical push-up exercises without vibration for four weeks. Surface electromyography was used to assess normalized muscle activation (%MVIC) and activation latency of the upper trapezius (UT), serratus anterior (SA), and lower trapezius (LT) before and after the intervention. A 2 \u00d7 2 mixed-model ANOVA was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Significant time \u00d7 group interactions were found for muscle activation in LT and SA (p &lt; 0.01). The WBV group demonstrated substantially greater increases in activations in these muscles compared with the control group, with the largest improvements observed in the serratus anterior. No statistically significant between-group differences were identified for muscle onset latency (p &gt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adding WBV to push-up training significantly enhances key scapular muscle activation in overhead athletes but does not significantly affect muscle onset latency. WBV-assisted push-ups may act as a practical, low-load strategy to improve scapular muscle recruitment and potentially reduce the risk of sports-related shoulder injuries and pain in overhead athletes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14091237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:05:31Z","timestamp":1777881931000},"page":"1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Whole-Body Vibration on Scapular Muscle Activation Pattern and Latency Timing in Modified Push-Up Position in Overhead Athletes: A Randomized Control Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3634-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana","family":"Saifi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2351-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ishant Kumar","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8841-2549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitin Kumar","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy, Department f\u00fcr Pflege-, Hebammen und Therapiewissenschaften, Bochum University of Applied Sciences, 44801 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7802-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khushi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amar Jyoti Institute of Physiotherapy, University of Delhi, Delhi 110092, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9659-360X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0109","article-title":"Prevention of Shoulder Injuries in Overhead Athletes: A Science-Based Approach","volume":"19","author":"Cools","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. 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