{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:26:39Z","timestamp":1790843199173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Over the past decade, the popularity of smokeless tobacco products, particularly heated tobacco products (HTPs), has increased among adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to determine the effects of HTPs and conventional cigarettes on oral health and quality of life (QoL). Methods: This stratified cross-sectional study included 90 participants divided into three groups: conventional cigarette smokers (N = 30), HTP users (N = 30), and non-smokers (N = 30). Sociodemographic data and oral-medical status [salivary pH, halitosis, sialometric measurements, Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, and oral lesions] were recorded for all participants. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in salivary pH, unstimulated whole saliva (UWS), or stimulated whole saliva (SWS) among the three groups (p = 0.343, p = 0.982, and p = 0.793, respectively). There was also no statistically significant difference in DMFT index values (p = 0.495) or total QoL (p = 0.856) among the groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in halitosis among the groups (p &lt; 0.0001), with moderate (40.0%, N = 12) and strong (33.3%, N = 10) halitosis most frequent among HTP users. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of pathological oral lesions among the groups (p = 0.112), with 63.3% (N = 19) among conventional cigarette smokers. Conclusions: HTP users exhibited a higher frequency of moderate and strong halitosis, while conventional cigarette smokers more frequently presented with smoker\u2019s melanosis and lesions located on the hard palate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14101297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:50:52Z","timestamp":1778496652000},"page":"1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effects of Heated Tobacco Products on Oral Health and Quality of Life: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2137-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Glavina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An\u0111ela","family":"Gravi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josipa","family":"Demo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-5130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinko","family":"Martinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-9816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonija","family":"Tadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Medicine and Endodontics, Study of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2108-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stjepanka","family":"Le\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5584-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"\u0160upe-Domi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, June 20). 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