{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:24:39Z","timestamp":1790655879983,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Gingival recession is a common periodontal condition. With the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots, patients frequently seek online health information. However, the reliability, accuracy, and readability of AI-generated patient-oriented information on gingival recession remain unclear. Objective: To evaluate the quality, accuracy, and readability of ChatGPT-generated responses to patient-oriented questions related to gingival recession. Methods: A total of 288 patient-oriented questions were developed by an expert panel and categorized into fourteen thematic domains. Responses generated by ChatGPT (version 3.5) were independently evaluated by five oral health professionals using a modified Brief DISCERN instrument, an accuracy scoring system, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch\u2013Kincaid Grade Level indices. Results: Significant differences were observed among thematic categories for DISCERN, accuracy, GQS, and readability scores (all p &lt; 0.01). The highest modified Brief DISCERN, accuracy, and GQS scores were recorded for the Information Sources\/AI Reliability category (DISCERN: 19.60 \u00b1 2.29; accuracy: 4.67 \u00b1 0.49; GQS: 4.33 \u00b1 0.49), whereas the lowest scores were observed for the What Happens If Left Untreated? category (DISCERN: 14.27 \u00b1 1.75; accuracy: 3.23 \u00b1 0.43). Strong positive correlations were identified between DISCERN and accuracy (r = 0.784, p &lt; 0.001) and between accuracy and GQS (r = 0.868, p &lt; 0.001). Readability indices were not significantly correlated with accuracy or quality measures. Conclusions: ChatGPT provided patient-oriented information on gingival recession with variable performance across thematic domains; however, readability remained a limitation. AI-generated content should therefore be considered a supplementary resource rather than a substitute for clinician-guided patient communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14101339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T16:26:37Z","timestamp":1778689597000},"page":"1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of ChatGPT as a Source of Patient-Oriented Information on Gingival Recession"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Serap","family":"Karak\u0131\u015f Akcan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Geli\u015fim University, Istanbul 34310, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclfem","family":"\u00d6zl\u00fc U\u00e7an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Geli\u015fim University, Istanbul 34310, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3337-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selin","family":"Ga\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Geli\u015fim University, Istanbul 34310, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8890-2384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alima","family":"Budak\u00e7\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu\u011f\u00e7e","family":"Paksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hamidiye Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0137","article-title":"The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession","volume":"134","author":"Kassab","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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