{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T05:06:27Z","timestamp":1779512787289,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Healthcare"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among women and is often underreported and undertreated, partly due to limited health literacy and persistent misconceptions regarding its causes and management. Instruments that reliably assess knowledge about UI are important for identifying educational needs and evaluating the impact of educational interventions. Although the Incontinence Quiz (IQ) has been validated in other languages, no psychometrically tested French version was previously available. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the measurement properties of the French version of the Incontinence Quiz (IQ-Fr) in adult women, following internationally recommended procedures for cross-cultural adaptation. Methods: A methodological validation study with a two-sample design was conducted. An extended sample (n = 289) was used to examine internal consistency and convergent validity, while a validation subsample (n = 40) was used to assess divergent validity and reproducibility. The translation process included forward translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pretesting. The internal consistency of the IQ-Fr was assessed using Cronbach\u2019s Alpha. The convergent validity of the IQ-Fr was assessed by both Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The divergent validity of the IQ-Fr was evaluated by Pearson\u2019s correlation IQ-Fr and Ditrovie quality-of-life scores. Finally, the reproducibility of the IQ-Fr was evaluated by Intraclass Correlation (ICC) between the IQ-Fr scores obtained at two different time points (T0 and T1) over a one-week interval. Results: The IQ-Fr showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha = 0.654) comparable to other translations\/cultural adaptations made for the same instrument. The EFA and CFA suggest the same four-dimension structure (IQ-Fr) found in the original instrument (IQ), although the factorial model fit would benefit from the additional removal of item 6 from the questionnaire, as already suggested by the increase in the instrument\u2019s Cronbach\u2019s Alpha (from 0.646 to 0.659). The IQ-Fr also showed good divergent validity, as assessed by the absence of a statistically significant Pearson correlation between the scores of the IQ-Fr and the scores of a non-related construct\u2014the Ditrovie scale (rp = 0.097, p-value = 0.552). Lastly, the IQ-Fr showed good reproducibility, as demonstrated by the high ICC coefficient (ICC = 0.752) between the instrument\u2019s overall scores at T0 and T1. Conclusions: The French version of the Incontinence Quiz (IQ-Fr) presents good indicators of internal consistency, convergent validity, divergent validity, and reproducibility for it to be used in research and educational contexts in French-speaking populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14101409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:12:54Z","timestamp":1779286374000},"page":"1409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incontinence Quiz (IQ): Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Validation of the French Version"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS), Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade\u2014ISAVE, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"},{"name":"CIR, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida n\u00ba 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS), Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade\u2014ISAVE, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS), Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade\u2014ISAVE, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS), Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade\u2014ISAVE, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1565-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lumini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinar em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (CICS), Instituto Superior de Sa\u00fade\u2014ISAVE, 4720-155 Amares, Portugal"},{"name":"CIR, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida n\u00ba 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (Livewell), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Haylen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol. 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