{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T08:40:34Z","timestamp":1762072834711,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients affected by transfusion-dependent \u03b2-thalassemia are prone to developing several clinical complications, mostly related to the iron overload. We report the case of a patient affected by transfusion-dependent \u03b2-thalassemia (TDT) developing acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In our case, the therapeutic management was significantly complicated not only by myocardial dysfunction, but also by the occurrence of the differentiation syndrome following all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) administration. We carried out a careful revision of the current literature on the occurrence of hematological malignancies in \u03b2-thalassemia patients to investigate the major complications so far described. APL occurrence in \u03b2-thalassemia patients has been very rarely reported, and our experience suggests that TDT patients suffering pre-existing comorbidities may develop a potentially fatal complication during ATRA therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/hematolrep14040045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T21:09:17Z","timestamp":1666645757000},"page":"310-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in a Woman with Thalassemia Intermedia: Case Report and Review of Literature on Hematological Malignancies in \u03b2-Thalassemia Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, I-00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Dragonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, I-00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1355-1587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Chiusolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, I-00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, I-00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0446-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, I-00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7214-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Teofili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS, I-00168 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Sezione di Ematologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche ed Ematologiche, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, I-00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-818187","article-title":"How I manage medical complications of b-thalassemia in adults","volume":"132","author":"Taher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13405","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of myelodysplastic syndrome: International Working Group on Morphology of myelodysplastic syndrome (IWGM-MDS) consensus proposals for the definition and enumeration of myeloblasts and ring sideroblasts","volume":"93","author":"Mufti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-01-894980","article-title":"Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: Updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European LeukemiaNet","volume":"133","author":"Sanz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-276196","article-title":"Front-line treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with AIDA induction followed by risk-adapted consolidation for adults younger than 61 years: Results of the AIDA-2000 trial of the GIMEMA Group","volume":"116","author":"Avvisati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00319772","article-title":"Thalassemia and Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"50","author":"Balestrazzi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Blut"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0b013e3181a33104","article-title":"Beta Thalassemia Major and Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"31","author":"Thapa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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