{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T23:38:37Z","timestamp":1768261117744,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K12887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K12887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although daprodustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, and dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, have been approved for the treatment of renal anemia in Japan, their efficacy and safety for patients aged 80 years or older with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-related anemia have not been demonstrated. Our case series comprised two men and one woman aged &gt;80 years with low-risk MDS-related anemia and diabetic mellitus (DM)-related chronic kidney disease who were dependent on red blood cell transfusions and in whom erythropoiesis-stimulating agents had been insufficient. All three patients received daprodustat and additional dapagliflozin achieved red blood cell transfusion independence and were followed up for &gt;6\u2009months. Daily oral daprodustat was well tolerated. There were no fatalities or progression to acute myeloid leukemia during the &gt;6-month follow-up after daprodustat initiation. On the basis of these outcomes, we consider 24 mg of daprodustat combined with 10 mg of dapagliflozin daily an effective form of treatment for low-risk MDS-related anemia. Further studies are required to clarify the synergistic effects of daprodustat and dapagliflozin, which correct chronic kidney disease-related anemia by promoting endogenous erythropoietin production and normalizing iron metabolism to manage low-risk MDS in the long term.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/hematolrep15010019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T06:45:08Z","timestamp":1678085108000},"page":"180-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Prolyl-Hydroxylase and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors for Low-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome-Related Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report of Three Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6143-7906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 874-0840, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hematology and Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Horiuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 874-0840, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0085-4","article-title":"Myelodysplastic syndromes current treatment algorithm 2018","volume":"8","author":"Steensma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.6.2079","article-title":"International scoring system for evaluating prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"89","author":"Greenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-420489","article-title":"Revised international prognostic scoring system for myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"120","author":"Greenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.044602","article-title":"Impact of the degree of anemia on the outcome of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and its integration into the WHO classification-based prognostic scoring system (WPSS)","volume":"96","author":"Malcovati","year":"2011","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544","article-title":"The 2016 revision to the World health organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Arber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2013.336","article-title":"Landscape of genetic lesions in 944 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"28","author":"Haferlach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201544","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201544","article-title":"Innate immune pathways and inflammation in hematopoietic aging, clonal hematopoiesis, and MDS","volume":"218","author":"Trowbridge","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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