{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T17:03:05Z","timestamp":1770138185744,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fluid overload-associated large B-cell lymphoma (FO-LBCL) is a new entity described in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors (WHO-HAEM5). It refers to malignant lymphoma present with symptoms of serous effusions in body cavities (pleural, peritoneal, and\/or pericardial) in the absence of an identifiable tumor mass. We present a case of an 82-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, status post-ablation, essential hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLD), and diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 who was referred to our hospital for shortness of breath due to recurrent pleural effusion. Right video-assisted thoracoscopy with right pleural biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination of the pleural biopsy revealed dense fibrous tissue, chronic inflammation, lymphoid aggregates, and granulation tissue, with no evidence of lymphoma. Cytology of the right pleural fluid revealed large lymphoid cells, which were positive for CD45, CD20, PAX-5, MUM-1, BCL2, BCL6, and MYC protein. They were negative for CD3, CD10, CD138, and HHV-8 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) was negative by in situ hybridization (ISH). Due to the absence of any evidence of lymphoma elsewhere, a diagnosis of fluid overload-associated large B-cell lymphoma (FO-LBCL) was made. We provide a synopsis of the main clinicopathological features of FO-LBCL and the two main differential diagnoses, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/hematolrep15030042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:47:14Z","timestamp":1688435234000},"page":"411-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fluid Overload-Associated Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3799-2595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisham F.","family":"Bahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron S.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arunima","family":"Deb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Martin","family":"Safdie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vathany","family":"Sriganeshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01620-2","article-title":"The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Alaggio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-12-822171","article-title":"Aggressive genomic features in clinically indolent primary HHV8-negative effusion-based lymphoma","volume":"133","author":"Mendeville","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPHZ3CHO4HUWET","article-title":"Human herpesvirus 8-unrelated primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma: Report of a rare case and review of 54 cases in the literature","volume":"140","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2008.00005.x","article-title":"Human herpes virus 8-unrelated primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma: Report of a rare case and review of the literature","volume":"117","author":"Adiguzel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318267fabc","article-title":"KSHV\/HHV8-negative effusion-based lymphoma, a distinct entity associated with fluid overload states","volume":"37","author":"Alexanian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.694075","article-title":"Prognosis in primary effusion lymphoma is associated with the number of body cavities involved","volume":"53","author":"Castillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Swerdlow, S.H., Campo, E., Harris, N.L., Jaffe, E.S., Pileri, S.A., Stein, H., Thiele, J., and Vardiman, J.W. (2008). WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, International Agency for Research on Cancer."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0294-RS","article-title":"Primary effusion lymphoma","volume":"137","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-022-01091-x","article-title":"Human herpesvirus 8-negative effusion-based large B-cell lymphoma: A distinct entity with unique clinicopathologic characteristics","volume":"35","author":"Gisriel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007507","article-title":"Mutational landscape of gray zone lymphoma","volume":"137","author":"Sarkozy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001168","article-title":"Age and CD20 Expression Are Significant Prognostic Factors in Human Herpes Virus-8-negative Effusion-based Lymphoma","volume":"42","author":"Kubota","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2010.520775","article-title":"A case of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus\/human herpesvirus 8-unrelated but Epstein-Barr virus-positive primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"51","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4442","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002293","article-title":"Primary human herpesvirus 8-negative effusion-based lymphoma: A large B-cell lymphoma with favorable prognosis","volume":"4","author":"Kaji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13449","article-title":"Primary effusion lymphoma in Taiwan shows two distinctive clinicopathological subtypes with rare human immunodeficiency virus association","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Gandhiraj, D., Miller, A., Zhang, C., Mwangi, J., Picker, D., Charbek, E., and Stoeckel, D. (2019). D62. Thoracic Oncology Case Reports II, American Thoracic Society. Available online: https:\/\/10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_MeetingAbstracts.A6971."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02494.x","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in USA: An estimate of true prevalence","volume":"31","author":"Chak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1159\/000097460","article-title":"Comparison of human herpes virus 8 related primary effusion lymphoma with human herpes virus 8 unrelated primary effusion lymphoma-like lymphoma on the basis of HIV: Report of 2 cases and review of 212 cases in the literature","volume":"117","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190290012100","article-title":"Chromosomal and comparative genomic analyses of HHV-8-negative primary effusion lymphoma in five HIV-negative Japanese patients","volume":"43","author":"Ohshima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(97)90287-2","article-title":"Primary effusion Burkitt\u2019s lymphoma with t(8;22) in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis","volume":"28","author":"Ascoli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190109057969","article-title":"Primary effusion lymphoma in an HIV-negative patient with no serologic evidence of Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma virus","volume":"41","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982069","article-title":"Human herpes virus 8-negative primary effusion lymphoma in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt tube","volume":"74","author":"Ashihara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21311","article-title":"Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus\/human herpesvirus-8-negative effusion-based lymphoma: Report of 3 cases and review of the literature","volume":"121","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1088649","article-title":"Human herpesvirus-8-unrelated primary effusion lymphoma of the elderly not associated with an increased serum lactate dehydrogenase level: A benign sub-group of effusion lymphoma without chemotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Zaimoku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"}],"container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2038-8330\/15\/3\/42\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:05:15Z","timestamp":1760126715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2038-8330\/15\/3\/42"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["hematolrep15030042"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/hematolrep15030042","relation":{},"ISSN":["2038-8330"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2038-8330","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]}}}