{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:56:20Z","timestamp":1783688180947,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening syndrome characterized by an uncontrolled hyperinflammatory reaction. HLH is classified into primary (familial) and secondary (acquired). Secondary HLH is commonly triggered by infections, with viral infections being a leading cause. Its epidemiology and clinical features in cases associated with herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 remain underexplored. This study aimed to review all previously described cases of HSV-1 or -2-triggered HLH and provide information about this syndrome\u2019s epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Methods: A narrative review was performed based on a search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Studies published until 27 April 2024 providing relevant data for HLH due to HSV 1 and 2 in humans were included. Results: We identified 29 eligible studies reporting HLH due to HSV 1 and 2, involving 34 patients. Half of them were adults, and half were neonates. Fever and splenomegaly were the most common clinical findings. Most patients were diagnosed with HSV-1 (64.7%), with PCR being the primary diagnostic method. The median duration of in-hospital treatment was 21 days, with acyclovir and steroids being the mainstays of therapy. The overall mortality rate was 41.2%, and AST levels emerged as an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the need for heightened awareness surrounding HLH triggered by HSV 1 and 2 and the importance of prompt diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/hematolrep16030047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T09:22:42Z","timestamp":1721985762000},"page":"487-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Triggered by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4320-0010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andria","family":"Papazachariou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1082-5674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petros","family":"Ioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2013.1.605","article-title":"Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Pathogenesis and Treatment","volume":"2013","author":"Janka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01976-1","article-title":"Epidemiological Investigation of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in China","volume":"16","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J. 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