{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:22:39Z","timestamp":1760145759696,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hematology Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neoplastic plasma cells (PCs) proliferation at anatomic sites dislocated from the bone marrow (BM) or their contiguous growth from osseous lesions that disrupt the cortical bone is termed extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMD). EMD still remains challenging from a therapeutic and biological perspective. Pathogenesis has not been completely clarified, and it is generally associated with high-risk cytogenetics (HRCAs). In order to emphasize the clinical and biochemical complexity of this disease, we have decided to describe the case of a patient affected by relapsed-refractory (RR) EMD, which presented as para-osseous plasmacytoma with a bi-phenotypical immunoglobulin (Ig) component and lately relapsed as soft-tissue plasmacytoma with a total immunophenotype switch. We have also hypothesized a correlation between Ig patterns and prognosis and suggested the possible inclusion of these biochemical features in the general risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/hematolrep16030052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T11:33:37Z","timestamp":1724931217000},"page":"541-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["IgG-k\/IgG-\u03bb Para-Osseous Plasmacytoma Relapsed as Soft-Tissue Plasmacytoma with IgA-k Immunophenotype: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on Related Biochemical Aspects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8804-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manlio","family":"Fazio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. \u2018Policlinico-San Marco\u2019, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. \u2018Policlinico-San Marco\u2019, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara Maria Catena","family":"Sorbello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. \u2018Policlinico-San Marco\u2019, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4405-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Del Fabro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. \u2018Policlinico-San Marco\u2019, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. \u2018Policlinico-San Marco\u2019, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Specialit\u00e0 Medico-Chirurgiche, Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e Specialit\u00e0 Medico-Chirurgiche, Sezione di Ematologia, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Cannizzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology via Santa Sofia 78 AOU Policlinico\u2014\u201cVittorio Emanuele\u201d, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nunziatina Laura","family":"Parrinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. \u2018Policlinico-San Marco\u2019, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation School of Haematology, University of Catania, A.O.U. \u2018Policlinico-San Marco\u2019, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. 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Policlinico\u2014\u201cVittorio Emanuele\u201d, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0862-3598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concetta","family":"Conticello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematology and BMT, A.O.U. \u2018Policlinico-San Marco\u2019, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00643-3","article-title":"Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma: A systematic literature review","volume":"12","author":"Beksac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2019.100253","article-title":"The role of CXCR4 in multiple myeloma: Cells\u2019 journey from bone marrow to 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