{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:25:15Z","timestamp":1761395115637,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["High-Throughput"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis C is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and remains at a high prevalence in Egypt and other resource-limited countries. Several hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes are distributed throughout the world, with genotype 4 being most common in North and Central Africa. We developed a multiplex serological assay for the detection of the HCV specific humoral immune response, with a focus on genotype 4. For the multiplex HCV assay we used twelve antigenic regions of different HCV proteins (core, and non-structural (NS) proteins NS3, NS4, NS5A, NS5B) and validated the assay technically and clinically. In comparison to a commercially available test, our assay revealed a higher sensitivity for genotype 4, and is therefore more suited for studying immune seroconversion in samples from acutely infected Egyptian HCV patients. Furthermore, our assay discriminates acutely and chronically infected HCV patients. Of 296 well characterized HCV patient samples, 83.9% of the acute samples and 86.5% of the chronic samples could be correctly classified. In sum, this newly developed serological HCV assay has a higher sensitivity for HCV genotype 4, and can thus improve diagnostic accuracy. Through the discrimination of acutely and chronically infected HCV patients the assay may be useful in supporting clinical management of HCV patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ht6040015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T12:16:23Z","timestamp":1509365783000},"page":"15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Study of the Humoral Immune Response towards HCV Genotype 4 Using a Bead-Based Multiplex Serological Assay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Filomena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens C.","family":"G\u00f6pfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darragh","family":"Duffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Inserm U1223, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Research, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Inserm U1223, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Research, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019h\u00e9patologie, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Universit\u00e9 Ren\u00e9 Descartes, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 11432, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gamal","family":"Esmat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Fontanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Disease Epidemiology Unit, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers, Unit\u00e9 PACRI, 75003 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Inserm U1223, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Centre for Translational Research, Institute Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Joos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Schneiderhan-Marra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12123","article-title":"Viral hepatitis and the global burden of disease: A need to regroup","volume":"20","author":"Cooke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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