{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:26:25Z","timestamp":1775251585989,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Public Health England Pipeline Fund","award":["107686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107686"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["High-Throughput"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Meningitis is commonly caused by infection with a variety of bacterial or viral pathogens. Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) can cause severe disease, which can progress rapidly to a critical life-threatening condition. Rapid diagnosis of ABM is critical, as this is most commonly associated with severe sequelae with associated high mortality and morbidity rates compared to viral meningitis, which is less severe and self-limiting. We have designed a microarray for detection and diagnosis of ABM. This has been validated using randomly amplified DNA targets (RADT), comparing buffers with or without formamide, in glass slide format or on the Alere ArrayTubeTM (Alere Technologies GmbH) microarray platform. Pathogen-specific signals were observed using purified bacterial nucleic acids and to a lesser extent using patient cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples, with some technical issues observed using RADT and glass slides. Repurposing the array onto the Alere ArrayTubeTM platform and using a targeted amplification system increased specific and reduced nonspecific hybridization signals using both pathogen nucleic and patient CSF DNA targets, better revealing pathogen-specific signals although sensitivity was still reduced in the latter. This diagnostic microarray is useful as a laboratory diagnostic tool for species and strain designation for ABM, rather than for primary diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ht7040032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T11:07:51Z","timestamp":1539688071000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and Assessment of a Diagnostic DNA Oligonucleotide Microarray for Detection and Typing of Meningitis-Associated Bacterial Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Bannister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anvy","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Vipond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Elmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Telfer Brunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Penventinnie Lane, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England Laboratory Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England Laboratory Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nigel J.","family":"Silman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3059-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen E.","family":"Kempsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.8.662","article-title":"The epidemiology of acute meningitis in children in England and Wales","volume":"88","author":"Davison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. 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