{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:23:31Z","timestamp":1760239411500,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for major endemic outbreaks in developing countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HEV are widespread in the Central African Republic. We report the first documented case of an HEV infection in a 36-month-old child already suffering from HIV and severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The HIV patient was hospitalized for SAM with persistent diarrhea and prolonged fever. The presence of IgG anti-HEV antibodies was noted. Sequencing of the amplified HEV RNA revealed the presence of genotype 3c. The alanine aminotransferase level was slightly above average. The patient died despite being treated by antiretroviral therapy accompanied by probabilistic antibiotic therapy and nutritional rehabilitation. HEV\/HIV co-infection in a malnourished patient can accelerate a fatal outcome. In the presence of biological abnormalities in a severe acutely malnourished HIV-infected patient, HEV RNA detection should be added to the standard medical assessment in sub-Saharan African countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr12030017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T20:17:52Z","timestamp":1605212272000},"page":"82-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fatal Outcome in a Hepatitis E Virus\/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infected Malnourished Child in the Central African Republic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phanie Judith","family":"N\u2019Yetobouko Tabounie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Bangui (IPB), Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic"},{"name":"Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Bangui (IPB), Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simplice Cyriaque","family":"Kango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire P\u00e9diatrique de Bangui (CHUPB), BP 923 Bangui, Central African Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bouscaillou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Bangui (IPB), Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic"},{"name":"Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Bangui (IPB), Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic"},{"name":"M\u00e9decins du Monde, 75018 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5465-8647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vianney","family":"Tricou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Bangui (IPB), Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Fontanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Conservatoire National des Arts et M\u00e9tiers (CNAM), 75003 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirdad","family":"Kazanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Bangui (IPB), Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Guyane (IPG), 97300 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4097-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narcisse Patrice","family":"Komas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Bangui (IPB), Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic"},{"name":"Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Bangui (IPB), Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.12.008","article-title":"Hepatitis E: An emerging awareness of an old disease","volume":"48","author":"Purcell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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UNICEF: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness for High HIV Settings, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK144139\/pdf\/Bookshelf_NBK144139.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries","volume":"78","author":"Rice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I Goumba, A., Konamna, F.X., and Komas, N.P. (2011). Clinical and epidemiological aspects of a hepatitis E outbreak in Bangui, Central African Republic. BMC Infect. Dis., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-93"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1404.070833","article-title":"Hepatitis E, Central African Republic","volume":"14","author":"Recio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.120670","article-title":"Imported Hepatitis E Virus, Central African Republic, 2011","volume":"19","author":"Bouscaillou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2006). Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Infants and Children in Resource-Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach, WHO."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2008). Antiretroviral Therapy for Infants and Children: Report of the WHO Technical Reference Group, Paediatric HIV\/ART Care Guideline Group Meeting, WHO."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2010). 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