{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:15:07Z","timestamp":1791483307247,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institutional research of Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications\u2014University of Zilina","award":["3\/KKMHI\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3\/KKMHI\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper provides a summary of mass COVID-19 testing of almost the entire population in Slovakia by antigen tests. We focused on the results delivered by two testing rounds and analyzed the benefits and weaknesses of such type of testing. We prepared mathematical models to critically examine the effectiveness of the testing, and we also estimated the number of potentially sick people that would become infected by those marked as positives by antigen tests. Our calculations have proven that antigen testing in hotspots can flatten the curve of daily newly reported cases significantly, but in regions with low-risk of COVID-19, the benefit of such testing is questionable. As for the regions with low infection rates, we could only estimate the proportion of true and false-positive cases because the national health authority had not validated the results by RT\u2013PCR tests. Therefore, this work can serve as an introductory study on the first nationwide testing by antigen tests in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr13010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T23:03:42Z","timestamp":1610319822000},"page":"45-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["On Pilot Massive COVID-19 Testing by Antigen Tests in Europe. Case Study: Slovakia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Frnda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2118-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Durica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2020.101932","article-title":"Covid-19, the collapse in passenger demand and airport charges","volume":"89","author":"Forsyth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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