{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:41:06Z","timestamp":1780584066492,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been changing the world since December 2019. A comprehensive search into many COVID-19 treatment guidelines was conducted and reported in this article. This is a review paper to probe differences in COVID-19 managing strategies and explore the most common treatment plans among countries. Published guidelines from 23 countries and three references guidelines\u2014until the end of 2020\u2014were included in this article. The majority of COVID-19 treatment options were reported in this review and it includes antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunotherapy, anticoagulants, and other pharmacological treatment. The presence of such information from different countries in a single comprehensive review article could help in understanding and speculation of variation in the recommended treatment in each country. This might be related to the cost of medications, the access to the medications, availability of medication that could potentially be useful in managing COVID-19 cases, and the availability\/capacity of healthcare facilities. Finally, although there are various treatment groups listed in the published therapeutic guidelines worldwide, unfortunately, there is no evidence for effectiveness of most of these medications in reducing the COVID-19 mortality curve over more than one year of this global pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr13020029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T21:37:03Z","timestamp":1617226623000},"page":"259-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines: Do They Really Reflect Best Medical Practices to Manage the Pandemic?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Feras","family":"Jirjees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali K","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Alain, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahraa","family":"Al Hano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-3304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taher","family":"Hatahet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK"},{"name":"Queen\u2019s University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Al Obaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Department, City University College of Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahya H","family":"Dallal Bashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, January 05). 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