{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:44:54Z","timestamp":1790127894488,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this paper is to review the most significant livestock-associated zoonoses. Human and animal health are intimately connected. This idea has been known for more than a century but now it has gained special importance because of the increasing threat from zoonoses. Zoonosis is defined as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. As the frequency and prevalence of zoonotic diseases increase worldwide, they become a real threat to public health. In addition, many of the newly discovered diseases have a zoonotic origin. Due to globalization and urbanization, some of these diseases have already spread all over the world, caused by the international flow of goods, people, and animals. However, special attention should be paid to farm animals since, apart from the direct contact, humans consume their products, such as meat, eggs, and milk. Therefore, zoonoses such as salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, swine and avian influenza, Q fever, brucellosis, STEC infections, and listeriosis are crucial for both veterinary and human medicine. Consequently, in the suspicion of any zoonoses outbreak, the medical and veterinary services should closely cooperate to protect the public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr14010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T10:57:37Z","timestamp":1642071457000},"page":"63-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Selected Livestock-Associated Zoonoses as a Growing Challenge for Public Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0135-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Libera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wo\u0142y\u0144ska 35, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1542-7413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Konieczny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wo\u0142y\u0144ska 35, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3739-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Grabska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wo\u0142y\u0144ska 35, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5105-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiktoria","family":"Szopka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wo\u0142y\u0144ska 35, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Augustyniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wo\u0142y\u0144ska 35, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2220-2730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Pomorska-M\u00f3l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wo\u0142y\u0144ska 35, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights (ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/423), United Nations."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"FAO (2021). World Food and Agriculture\u2014Statistical Yearbook 2021, FAO."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2021, November 25). World Organization for Animal Health Official Website. Available online: https:\/\/www.oie.int\/en\/what-we-do\/global-initiatives\/one-health\/."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100272","article-title":"Review: SARS-CoV-2 Infection in farmed minks\u2014An overview of current knowledge on occurrence, disease and epidemiology","volume":"15","author":"Gogulski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2021, December 05). The European Union One Health 2019 Zoonoses Report, Available online: https:\/\/efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.2903\/j.efsa.2021.6406."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2021, November 25). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Official Website, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/onehealth\/pdfs\/us-ohzdp-report-508.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021). National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2019 Annual Tables of Infectious Disease Data."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemunto, N., Mogoa, E., Osoro, E., Bitek, A., Kariuki Njenga, M., and Thumbi, S.M. (2018). Zoonotic disease research in East Africa. BMC Infect. Dis., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3443-8"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.04.003","article-title":"Major emerging and re-emerging zoonoses in China: A matter of global health and socioeconomic development for 1.3 billion","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wille, M., Geoghegan, J.L., and Holmes, E.C. (2021). How accurately can we assess zoonotic risk?. PLoS Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001135"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2313.170544","article-title":"Zoonotic disease programs for enhancing global health security","volume":"23","author":"Belay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2020.100161","article-title":"One-Health approach: A best possible way to control rabies","volume":"10","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1012.040707","article-title":"Wildlife as source of zoonotic infections","volume":"10","author":"Kruse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0648-y","article-title":"Climate change: An enduring challenge for vector-borne disease prevention and control","volume":"21","author":"Dubrow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-16","article-title":"From Q fever to Coxiella burnetii infection: A paradigm change","volume":"30","author":"Eldin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1568545","article-title":"A review of the immunopathogenesis of brucellosis","volume":"51","author":"Amjadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/108442","article-title":"Mycobacterium caprae\u2014the first case of the human infection in Poland","volume":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"World Health Organization, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2017). World Organisation for Animal Health Roadmap for Zoonotic Tuberculosis, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilska-Zaj\u0105c, E., R\u00f3\u017cycki, M., Korpysa-Dzirba, W., Be\u0142cik, A., Zi\u0119tek-Barszcz, A., W\u0142odarczyk-Ramus, M., Gontarczyk, A., and Cencek, T. (2021). Trichinella outbreaks on pig farms in Poland in 2012\u20132020. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10111504"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2014.04.016","article-title":"High prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pig cheeks","volume":"43","author":"Maijala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08182","article-title":"Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic","volume":"459","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7367","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.9.7367-7373.1998","article-title":"Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential","volume":"72","author":"Ito","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1086\/498977","article-title":"Are swine workers in the United States at increased risk of infection with zoonotic influenza virus?","volume":"42","author":"Myers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.18683\/germs.2021.1244","article-title":"Salmonella spp. infectio\u2014A continuous threat worldwide","volume":"11","author":"Popa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Germs"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2020). Roadmap to Reducing Salmonella Driving Change through Science-Based Policy."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1937.tb43743.x","article-title":"\u201cQ\u201d fever, a new fever entity: Clinical features, diagnosis and laboratory investigation","volume":"2","author":"Derrick","year":"1937","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000059","article-title":"Transmission of Coxiella burnetii by ingestion in mice","volume":"148","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2017.09.010","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii as a useful tool to investigate bacteria-friendly host cell compartments","volume":"308","author":"Pechstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710594","article-title":"Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)","volume":"41","author":"Uranga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03912.x","article-title":"Stability of Coxiella burnetii in stored human blood: C. burnetii stability in blood","volume":"53","author":"Kersh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis690","article-title":"Q fever cluster among raw milk drinkers in Michigan, 2011","volume":"55","author":"Signs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.016","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"140","author":"Angelakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis288","article-title":"Q fever pneumonia in French Guiana: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Prognostic Score","volume":"55","author":"Epelboin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"6","article-title":"Brucellosis in humans\u2014Etiology, diagnostics, clinical forms","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70286-4","article-title":"Human brucellosis","volume":"7","author":"Franco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.21307\/pjm-2018-029","article-title":"Brucella\u2014virulence factors, pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"67","author":"Naylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pol. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283638104","article-title":"Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"26","author":"Rubach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12856","article-title":"Human-to-human transmission of Brucella\u2014A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Tuon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1500846","article-title":"Comparisons of Brucellosis between human and veterinary medicine","volume":"8","author":"Hull","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Awah-Ndukum, J., Mouiche, M.M.M., Kouonmo-Ngnoyum, L., Bayang, H.N., Manchang, T.K., Poueme, R.S.N., Kouamo, J., Ngu-Ngwa, V., Assana, E., and Feussom, K.J.M. (2018). Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis among slaughtered indigenous cattle, abattoir personnel and pregnant women in Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9, Cameroon. BMC Infect. Dis., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3522-x"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mai, H.M., Irons, P.C., Kabir, J., and Thompson, P.N. (2012). A large seroprevalence survey of brucellosis in cattle herds under diverse production systems in Northern Nigeria. BMC Vet. Res., 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-144"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5712920","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5712920","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human brucellosis in China","volume":"2018","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.974560","article-title":"Mycobacterium caprae infection in humans","volume":"12","author":"Prodinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1508","article-title":"Tuberculosis in wild animals","volume":"14","author":"Kaneene","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"259","article-title":"An overview on epidemiology of tuberculosis","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12242","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in humans and cattle","volume":"63","author":"Kamel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). Global Tuberculosis Report 2019, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.08.029","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis at the animal\u2013human interface: A problem, or not?","volume":"140","author":"Michel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1054\/tube.2000.0263","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis infection in human beings","volume":"81","author":"Grange","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006509","article-title":"No increase in human cases of Mycobacterium bovis disease despite resurgence of infections in cattle in the United Kingdom","volume":"135","author":"Jalava","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12115","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis: Characteristics of wildlife reservoir hosts","volume":"60","author":"Palmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.21.2.1339","article-title":"Tuberculosis in free-ranging wildlife: Detection, diagnosis and management","volume":"21","author":"Schlundt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90591-X","article-title":"The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections in animals and man: A review","volume":"76","author":"Daborn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.04.011","article-title":"Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC)","volume":"140","author":"Karmali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, R., Shao, K., Yang, X., Bai, X., Fu, S., Sun, H., Xu, Y., Wang, H., Li, Q., and Hu, B. (2019). High prevalence of non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in beef cattle detected by combining four selective agars. BMC Microbiol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1582-8"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"211","article-title":"Animal reservoirs of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli","volume":"2","author":"Persad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14500","article-title":"Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia Coli in the animal reservoir and food in Brazil","volume":"128","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72706-5","article-title":"Prevalence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle and their products","volume":"88","author":"Hussein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballem, A., Gon\u00e7alves, S., Garcia-Meni\u00f1o, I., Flament-Simon, S.C., Blanco, J.E., Fernandes, C., Saavedra, M.J., Pinto, C., Oliveira, H., and Blanco, J. (2020). Prevalence and serotypes of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in dairy cattle from northern Portugal. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244713"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tack, D.M., Kisselburgh, H.M., Richardson, L.C., Geissler, A., Griffin, P.M., Payne, D.C., and Gleason, B.L. (2021). Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli outbreaks in the United States, 2010\u20132017. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071529"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2011.631574","article-title":"Anti-shiga toxin immunoglobulin G antibodies in healthy South Korean slaughterhouse workers","volume":"44","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.01.018","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from retail raw meats in China","volume":"200","author":"Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3244-3","article-title":"Differentiation of Trichinella species (Trichinella spiralis\/Trichinella britovi versus Trichinella pseudospiralis) using western blot","volume":"11","author":"Ludovisi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.11.001","article-title":"Searching for Trichinella: Not all pigs are created equal","volume":"30","author":"Pozio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ199","article-title":"Outbreak of trichinellosis due to wild boar meat and evaluation of the effectiveness of post exposure prophylaxis, Germany, 2013","volume":"60","author":"Faber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00026-08","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis","volume":"22","author":"Gottstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04861-9","article-title":"Genetic evidence substantiates transmission of Trichinella spiralis from one swine farm to another","volume":"14","author":"Tonanzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31828ffe43","article-title":"Atypical case of trichinellosis","volume":"348","author":"Severini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.05.010","article-title":"New pieces of the Trichinella puzzle","volume":"43","author":"Pozio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12800","article-title":"Trichinella britovi infection in wild boar in Portugal","volume":"68","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_71.1","unstructured":"(2015). Commission Implementing Regulations"},{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_71.2","unstructured":"(EU) 2015\/1375, European Commision."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.2.257","article-title":"Yersinia enterocolitica: The charisma continues","volume":"10","author":"Bottone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2011.0938","article-title":"Yersinia enterocolitica: A brief review of the issues relating to the zoonotic pathogen, public health challenges, and the pork production chain","volume":"9","author":"Drummond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1078\/0723-2020-00055","article-title":"High prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica 4:O3 on pig offal in Southern Germany: A slaughtering technique problem","volume":"24","author":"Bucher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01001-13","article-title":"Essential role of invasion for colonization and persistence of Yersinia enterocolitica in its natural reservoir host, the pig","volume":"82","author":"Schaake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91683-7","article-title":"Yersinia enterocolitica infections and pork: The missing link","volume":"329","author":"Tauxe","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.03.008","article-title":"Yersiniosis in France: Overview and potential sources of infection","volume":"46","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900368","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.24.1900368","article-title":"Cross-border outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O3 associated with imported fresh spinach, Sweden and Denmark, March 2019","volume":"24","author":"Espenhain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"245","article-title":"Waterborne gastrointestinal illness at a ski resort","volume":"92","author":"Eden","year":"1977","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chlebicz, A., and \u015ali\u017cewska, K. (2018). Campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis as zoonotic foodborne diseases: A review. Ont. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050863"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.160827","article-title":"Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica bioserotype 3\/O:3 among children with diarrhea, China, 2010\u20132015","volume":"23","author":"Duan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2019.504-521","article-title":"A review of Salmonella enterica with particular focus on the pathogenicity and virulence factors, host specificity and antimicrobial resistance including multidrug resistance","volume":"12","author":"Jajere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25319-7","article-title":"Global spread of Salmonella enteritidis via centralized sourcing and international trade of poultry breeding stocks","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"World Health Organization Official Website (2021, November 25). Influenza (Avian and Other Zoonotic). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(avian-and-other-zoonotic)."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.07.006","article-title":"Salmonella infection: Interplay between the bacteria and host immune system","volume":"190","author":"Kurtz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30418-9","article-title":"The global burden of non-typhoidal Salmonella invasive disease: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017","volume":"19","author":"Stanaway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Upton, M. (2007). Scale and structures of the poultry sector and factors inducing change: Intercountry differences and expected trends. Poultry in the 21st Century: Avian Influenza and Beyond, FAO."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596570","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.596570","article-title":"Review on stress tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Review on campylobacteriosis associated with poultry meat consumption","volume":"2021","author":"Myintzaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00200","article-title":"Campylobacter spp. as a foodborne pathogen: A review","volume":"2","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703441","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.703441","article-title":"Lactic Acid Bacteria\u2014A promising tool for controlling chicken Campylobacter infection","volume":"12","author":"Godlewska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615049","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.615049","article-title":"Survival and control of Campylobacter in poultry production rnvironment","volume":"10","author":"Hakeem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712106","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.712106","article-title":"Characterization of Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from wild birds in turkey","volume":"12","author":"Sakin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human campylobacteriosis\u2014A serious infectious threat in a One Health perspective","volume":"431","author":"Haimesaat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01683-0","article-title":"Pathogen change of avian influenza virus in the live poultry market before and after vaccination of poultry in southern China","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy400","article-title":"Effectiveness of market-level biosecurity at reducing exposure of poultry and humans to avian influenza: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"218","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Urbaniak, K., Markowska-Daniel, I., Kowalczyk, A., Kwit, K., Pomorska-M\u00f3l, M., Fr\u0105cek, B., and Pejsak, Z. (2017). Reassortment process after co-infection of pigs with avian H1N1 and swine H3N2 influenza viruses. BMC Vet. Res., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1137-x"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"804","article-title":"Swine diseases caused by circoviruses and swine influenza according to data from the 11th European Symposium of Porcine Health Management (ESPHM) in Utrecht","volume":"94","year":"2019","journal-title":"\u017bycie Wet."},{"key":"ref_99","unstructured":"World Health Organization Official Website (2021, December 01). Influenza A (H1N1) Outbreak. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/situations\/influenza-a-(h1n1)-outbreak."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2510.190068","article-title":"Bidirectional human\u2013swine transmission of seasonal influenza A(H1N1)Pdm09 virus in pig herd, France, 2018","volume":"25","author":"Chastagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.061323","article-title":"Swine workers and swine influenza virus infections","volume":"13","author":"Gray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.19.1.1220","article-title":"Recent zoonoses caused by influenza A viruses","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283375727","article-title":"Features of the new pandemic influenza A\/H1N1\/2009 virus: Virology, epidemiology, clinical and public health aspects","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00647","article-title":"Influenza A virus in swine: Epidemiology, challenges and vaccination strategies","volume":"7","author":"Pearce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198118","article-title":"Swine influenza virus: Current status and challenge","volume":"288","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2017.04.003","article-title":"Effectiveness of personal protective measures in reducing pandemic influenza transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Crispo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881400003X","article-title":"Hand hygiene and risk of influenza virus infections in the community: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12751","article-title":"Exposure of domestic swine to influenza A viruses in Ghana suggests unidirectional, reverse zoonotic transmission at the human\u2013animal interface","volume":"67","author":"Mertens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00532-8","article-title":"The prevalence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Diriba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2021.1911930","article-title":"Listeria monocytogenes: Review of pathogenesis and virulence determinants\u2014Targeted immunological assays","volume":"47","author":"Kipnis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S313675","article-title":"An update review on Listeria infection in pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.12.016","article-title":"A Review of Listeria monocytogenes: An update on outbreaks, virulence, dose-response, ecology, and risk assessments","volume":"75","author":"Buchanan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kinoshita, Y., Cloutier, A.K., Rozak, D.A., Khan, M.S., Niwa, H., Uchida-Fujii, E., Katayama, Y., and Tuanyok, A. (2019). A novel selective medium for the isolation of Burkholderia mallei from equine specimens. BMC Vet. Res., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1874-0"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2012.01342.x","article-title":"Glanders in animals: A review on epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and countermeasures: Glanders in solipeds","volume":"60","author":"Khan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12599","article-title":"Glanders and the risk for its introduction through the international movement of horses","volume":"48","author":"Kettle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-131","article-title":"Glanders: An overview of infection in humans","volume":"8","author":"Greer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare. Dis."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"Nguyen, H.N., Smith, M.E., and Hayoun, M.A. (2021). Glanders and Melioidosis, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2009.10.006","article-title":"West Nile Virus","volume":"30","author":"Rossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadfield, J., Brito, A.F., Swetnam, D.M., Vogels, C.B.F., Tokarz, R.E., Andersen, K.G., Smith, R.C., Bedford, T., and Grubaugh, N.D. (2019). Twenty years of West Nile Virus spread and evolution in the Americas visualized by Nextstrain. PLoS Pathog., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008042"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.2.2369","article-title":"West Nile Virus","volume":"34","author":"McVey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2604.190954","article-title":"West Nile Virus in farmed crocodiles, Zambia, 2019","volume":"26","author":"Simulundu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2998-y","article-title":"Epidemiology and ecology of West Nile Virus in sub-saharan Africa","volume":"11","author":"Sule","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_123","first-page":"99","article-title":"Zaka\u017cenia wirusem zachodniego Nilu i Usutu\u2014Zagro\u017cenie wyst\u0119powaniem w Polsce","volume":"70","author":"Czupryna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prz. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.02.020","article-title":"West Nile Virus Infections in Humans\u2014Focus on Greece","volume":"58","author":"Papa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1802.111347","article-title":"Melioidosis in animals, Thailand, 2006\u20132010","volume":"18","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2004.00797.x","article-title":"Melioidosis in animals: A review on epizootiology, diagnosis and clinical presentation","volume":"51","author":"Sprague","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-04-18-4558","article-title":"Melioidosis: An updated review","volume":"48","author":"Chakravorty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710570","article-title":"Melioidosis: A neglected cause of community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"41","author":"Virk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03548-5","article-title":"A review of melioidosis cases imported into Europe","volume":"38","author":"Montana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-19","article-title":"Human melioidosis","volume":"33","author":"Gassiep","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2036-7449\/14\/1\/8\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:14:51Z","timestamp":1760364891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2036-7449\/14\/1\/8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["idr14010008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/idr14010008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2036-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2036-7449","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]}}}