{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T12:59:26Z","timestamp":1769000366689,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The subcutaneous (s.c.) route is a commonly used method for delivering various drugs, although its application in the administration of antibiotics is relatively uncommon. In this case, we report a successful treatment of nosocomial pneumonia using piperacillin\/tazobactam via continuous subcutaneous administration. Furthermore, this article provides an overview of the current literature regarding the s.c. administration of beta-lactam antibiotics. Based on our analysis, we identified only 15 studies that described the s.c. use of beta-lactam antibiotics in human subjects. Among these studies, cephalosporins were the most extensively investigated antibiotic class, with 10 available studies. According to the study findings, all three antibiotic classes (cephalosporins, penicillins, and carbapenems) demonstrated a similar pharmacokinetic profile when administered via the subcutaneous route. The subcutaneous route appears to be associated with a lower peak serum concentration (Cmax) but a comparable minimum blood concentration (Cmin) and an extended half-life (t1\/2) when compared to conventional routes of antibiotic administration. Further research is necessary to determine whether subcutaneously administered beta-lactam antibiotics in human subjects achieve pharmacodynamic targets and demonstrate clinical efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr16010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T10:44:24Z","timestamp":1706697864000},"page":"93-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Subcutaneous Administration of Beta-Lactams: A Case Report and Literary Review\u2014To Do Small Things in a Great Way"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6547-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele Maria","family":"Leanza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Liguoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7926-7581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Moreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Institute, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7234-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, 38123 Trento, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Murri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9625-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Tascini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","article-title":"Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: The WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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