{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:00:41Z","timestamp":1760144441423,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Current literature on ethnic minorities, comorbidities, and COVID-19 tends to investigate these factors separately, leaving gaps in our understanding about their interactions. Our review seeks to identify a relationship between ethnicity, comorbidities, and severe COVID-19 outcomes (ICU admission and mortality). We hope to enhance our understanding of the various factors that exacerbate COVID-19 severity and mortality in ethnic minorities in Canada and the USA. (2) All articles were received from PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Ovid EMBASE from November 2020 to June 2022. Included articles contain information regarding comorbidities among ethnic minorities in relation to COVID-19 severity and mortality. (3) A total of 59 articles were included that examined various ethnic groups, including Black\/African American, Asian, Hispanic, White\/Caucasian, and Indigenous people. We found that the most examined comorbidities were diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. A total of 76.9% of the articles (40 out of 52) found a significant association between different races and COVID-19 mortality, whereas 21.2% of the articles (11 out of 52) did not. (4) COVID-19 ICU admissions and mortality affect various ethnic groups differently, with Black patients generally having the most adverse outcomes. These outcomes may also interact with sex and age, though more research is needed assessing these variables together with ethnicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr16030030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T05:28:06Z","timestamp":1713850086000},"page":"407-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Impact of Comorbidities among Ethnic Minorities on COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Canada and the USA: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Mac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1478-3397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kylem","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tala","family":"Alzoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6856-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Can","family":"Atacan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5275-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hibah","family":"Sehar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shefali","family":"Liyanage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1229-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bara\u2019 Abdallah","family":"AlShurman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2486-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahid Ahmad","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"CDC (2023, May 26). 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