{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:05:12Z","timestamp":1787061912438,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Mycobacterium chelonae is a ubiquitous, rapidly growing, nontuberculous mycobacteria that primarily affects immunocompromised patients. The most common presentation is an atypical, chronic skin and soft tissue infection. Due to its high resistance rate, early diagnosis based on clinical suspicion, risk factor assessment, and exposure history is crucial for initiating appropriate multi-drug treatment. Methods: We report two cases of M. chelonae skin and soft tissue infections, one presenting with localized disease and the other with disseminated involvement. One case had a specific exposure to fish-related activities, a risk factor more commonly associated with Mycobacterium marinum infections rather than M. chelonae. Results: One of the cases involved osteomyelitis and tenosynovitis which are rare presentations of M. chelonae infection. While the limbs are the most commonly affected sites in disseminated M. chelonae infections, involvement of the lower extremities, as seen in one of our cases, is rarely reported. Treatment posed challenges due to antibiotic resistance and patient tolerance. However, in both cases where follow up was possible, prolonged multi-drug therapy led to complete resolution of the lesions. Conclusions: These cases highlight the importance of considering M. chelonae in chronic skin and soft tissue infections, especially in patient with relevant exposures or immunosupression. Uncommon presentations require a high index of suspicion. Given the challenges of treatment resistance and patient tolerance, prolonged multi-drug therapy remains essential for successful outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr17010013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T03:39:47Z","timestamp":1739158787000},"page":"13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Report of Two Uncommon Cases of Mycobacterium chelonae with Localized and Disseminated Skin and Soft Tissue Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6964-5956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Libardo","family":"Rueda Prada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Gorasevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Trainee, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Gavrancic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3075-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aayushi J.","family":"Rajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Sluzevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatopathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Nair-Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi V.","family":"Durvasula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012-0203-RS","article-title":"Localized cutaneous infections in immunocompetent individuals due to rapidly growing mycobacteria","volume":"138","author":"Fowler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3230","article-title":"Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Caused by Mycobacterium chelonae: More Common Than Expected?","volume":"99","author":"Uslu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2019.11.004","article-title":"Case Series and Review of the Literature of Mycobacterium chelonae Infections of the Lower Extremities","volume":"59","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2004.06.002","article-title":"Mycobacterium chelonae tenosynovitis of the hand","volume":"34","author":"Mateo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2013.10.007","article-title":"Mycobacterium chelonae","volume":"59","author":"McFee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disease-a-Month"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29689-4","article-title":"Bacteriophage treatment of disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection","volume":"13","author":"Little","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205114","article-title":"Outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae infection associated with tattoo ink","volume":"367","author":"Kennedy","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1086\/340399","article-title":"An outbreak of Mycobacterium chelonae infection following liposuction","volume":"34","author":"Meyers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1411604","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterium infection in renal transplant recipients: A systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joao, I., Bujd\u00e1kov\u00e1, H., and Jordao, L. (2020). Opportunist Coinfections by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Fungi in Immunocompromised Patients. Antibiotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110771"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medical Section of the American Lung Association (1997). Diagnosis and Treatment of Disease Caused by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 156, S1\u2013S25.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.2.atsstatement"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2020.1792748","article-title":"Omadacycline for treatment of Mycobacterium chelonae skin infection","volume":"33","author":"Frizzell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent. Proc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.004","article-title":"The treatment of rapidly growing mycobacterial infections","volume":"36","author":"Kasperbauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad372","article-title":"Bedaquiline for treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM): A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Omar","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofae152","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae152","article-title":"Two Decades of Insights into Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Hand Infections","volume":"11","author":"Tabaja","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2036-7449\/17\/1\/13\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:29:07Z","timestamp":1760027347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2036-7449\/17\/1\/13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["idr17010013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/idr17010013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2036-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2036-7449","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]}}}