{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:58:25Z","timestamp":1772499505145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Zoonotic infection with Mycobacterium bovis continues to occur, particularly in regions lacking bovine tuberculosis surveillance and where the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, including artisanal cheeses, is common. We describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics, diagnostic procedures, and treatment outcomes of individuals with HIV with M. bovis infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing sociodemographic, clinical, microbiological, and computed tomography (CT) data, as well as treatment outcomes, in 12 patients with HIV with confirmed M. bovis infection. These findings were compared with those of 14 individuals with HIV diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection during the same period. Results: Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products was significantly associated with M. bovis. Patients with M. bovis infection had higher CD4+ T-cell counts compared to those with M. tuberculosis infection (p = 0.01, r = 0.45). All M. bovis cases presented with extrapulmonary disease. CT imaging in M. bovis infection more frequently demonstrated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and splenic abscesses compared to M. tuberculosis infection. Microbiological identification was exclusively from extrapulmonary sites in all M. bovis cases. Surgical interventions, including abscess drainage or splenectomy, were significantly more common among M. bovis patients. Conclusions: M. bovis infection in individuals with HIV is characterized by consistent extrapulmonary, often abdominal, involvement. Surgical procedures are frequently required for both diagnosis and management. Targeted efforts to identify M. bovis are warranted, particularly in high-burden regions where unpasteurized dairy consumption remains prevalent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr17040082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T14:22:36Z","timestamp":1752243756000},"page":"82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mycobacterium bovis Infection Frequently Requires Surgical Intervention in Individuals with HIV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5807-8650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Zu\u00f1iga-Qui\u00f1onez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas M\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0505-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Martinez-Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas M\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monserrat","family":"Alvarez-Zavala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas M\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Torres-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9210-4571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac D. V.","family":"Garcia-Govea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luz A.","family":"Gonzalez-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas M\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1948-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime F.","family":"Andrade-Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas M\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Hospital 278, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9483-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Amador-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas M\u00e9dicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00180-4","article-title":"Zoonotic Tuberculosis in the 21st Century","volume":"24","author":"Dean","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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