{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T12:32:30Z","timestamp":1786365150858,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["2023ZD0504101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZD0504101"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project","award":["TJYXZDXK-3-036C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJYXZDXK-3-036C"]}]},{"name":"Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project","award":["TJYXZDXK-3-006A-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TJYXZDXK-3-006A-4"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Foundation of National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China","award":["2023-GSP-GG-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-GSP-GG-15"]}]},{"award":["2023-GSP-GG-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-GSP-GG-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04bdenw41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect. Dis. Rep.","Infectious Disease Reports"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe complication after solid organ transplantation, especially in patients receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Pulmonary artery involvement caused by Aspergillus fumigatus is extremely rare and may mimic pulmonary artery thrombosis or malignancy, resulting in diagnostic challenges. Case Presentation: A 61-year-old male developed fatigue, intermittent fever, cough, and chest discomfort seven months after orthotopic heart transplantation. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed a mass-like filling defect involving the main pulmonary artery and left pulmonary artery, which was initially suspected to represent pulmonary artery thrombosis or tumor. Whole-blood next-generation sequencing identified Aspergillus fumigatus and Streptococcus mitis. The patient was treated with voriconazole, anticoagulation therapy, and adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy. Follow-up imaging demonstrated progressive regression of pulmonary artery lesions and disappearance of pulmonary nodules without evidence of graft rejection. Conclusions: Pulmonary artery aspergillosis should be considered in heart transplant recipients presenting with pulmonary artery-occupying lesions, particularly when imaging findings are atypical. Early pathogen identification combined with appropriate antifungal therapy, individualized immunosuppression adjustment, and careful monitoring may improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/idr18040085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:38:09Z","timestamp":1786361889000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pulmonary Artery Mass Caused by Aspergillus fumigatus Infection After Heart Transplantation: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 61, 3rd Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"},{"name":"Department of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"},{"name":"Department of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8929-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"},{"name":"Department of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Failure and Transplantation, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13544","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13544","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis in solid-organ transplant recipients: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice","volume":"33","author":"Husain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. 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