{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T09:25:00Z","timestamp":1769592300690,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospirosis is a serious public health concern in the Philippines, not only because of its increasing incidence rate, but also because of its significant health and economic impacts. Despite its relatively high seroprevalence, knowledge on the economic burden of disease, particularly on the value that the society places on disease prevention remains limited. Obtaining such information is important within the context of public health policy. This study was conducted in Metro Manila to determine the economic burden of leptospirosis, by asking respondents about their willingness to contribute to labor (WTCL) for the prevention of leptospirosis. The respondents pledged an average labor contribution of 10.66 h\/month. The average WTCL corresponded to a monetary value of US$4.01 per month when valued using the opportunity cost of labor (leisure rate of time). From the monetized labor contribution, the total economic value of preventing leptospirosis was estimated at US$124.97 million per annum, which represents 1.13% of Metro Manila\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP). Estimates from a Tobit regression model identified the respondents\u2019 knowledge regarding leptospirosis, the susceptibility of their homes to flooding, and the proximity of their homes to sewers as significant factors to consider when developing resource contribution programs for leptospirosis prevention. More efforts need to be made in developing community level preventive programs, and in improving public\u2019s knowledge and awareness about leptospirosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10051845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]],"date-time":"2013-05-03T10:55:42Z","timestamp":1367578542000},"page":"1845-1860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Valuing Human Leptospirosis Prevention Using the Opportunity Cost of Labor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Arbiol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Economics, Graduate School of Bio-resources and Bio-environmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maridel","family":"Borja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuyasu","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Economics, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Education Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Gloriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the  Philippines-Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001","article-title":"Leptospirosis","volume":"14","author":"Levett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. 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