{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:31:52Z","timestamp":1760243512275,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was conducted to assess the association between the risks of spina bifida (SB) in relation to cigarette, alcohol, and caffeine consumption by women during the first month of pregnancy. Between 1988\u20132012, this multi-center case-control study interviewed mothers of 776 SB cases and 8,756 controls about pregnancy events and exposures. We evaluated cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol drinking, and caffeine intake during the first lunar month of pregnancy in relation to SB risk. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Levels of cigarette smoking (1\u20139 and \u226510\/day), alcohol intake (average \u22654 drinks\/day) and caffeine intake (&lt;1, 1, and \u22652 cups\/day) were not likely to be associated with increased risk of SB. Further, results were similar among women who ingested less than the recommended amount of folic acid (400 \u03bcg\/day).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10083263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1375444582000},"page":"3263-3281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Risk of Spina Bifida and Maternal Cigarette, Alcohol, and Coffee Use during the First Month of Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Corey","family":"Benedum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Yazdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Werler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20735","article-title":"Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004\u20132006","volume":"88","author":"Parker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. 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