{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T17:19:34Z","timestamp":1780075174248,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Child Sexual Assault (CSA) in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is a complex issue that cannot be understood in isolation from the ongoing impacts of colonial invasion, genocide, assimilation, institutionalised racism and severe socio-economic deprivation. Service responses to CSA are often experienced as racist, culturally, financially and\/or geographically inaccessible. A two-day forum, National  Yarn Up: Sharing the Wisdoms and Challenges of Young People and Sexual Abuse, was convened by sexual assault services to identify the main practice and policy concerns regarding working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and young people (C&amp;YP), families and communities in the context of CSA. The forum also aimed to explore how services can become more accountable and better engaged with the communities they are designed to support. The forum was attended by eighty invited Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal youth sexual assault managers and workers representing both \u201cvictim\u201d and \u201cthose who sexually harm others\u201d services.  In keeping with Aboriginal Community-Based Research methods forum participants largely directed discussions and contributed to the analysis of key themes and recommendations reported in this article. The need for sexual assault services to prioritise cultural safety by meaningfully integrating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Worldviews emerged as a key recommendation. It was also identified that collaboration between \u201cvictims\u201d and \u201cthose who sexually harm\u201d services are essential given Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander C&amp;YP who sexually harm others may have also been victims of sexual assault or physical violence and intergenerational trauma. By working with the whole family and community, a collaborative approach is more likely than the current service model to develop cultural safety and thus increase the accessibility of sexual assault services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10093818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T11:56:40Z","timestamp":1377172600000},"page":"3818-3833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Worldviews and Cultural Safety Transforming Sexual Assault Service Provision for Children and Young People"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Leticia","family":"Funston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Health Education Centre Against Violence, Locked Bag 7118, Parramatta BC, NSW 2150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2013). Traditional Healers of Central Australia: Ngangkari, Magabala Books."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1215\/00382876-2008-021","article-title":"Sovereign spaces, caring for country, and the homeless position of Aboriginal peoples","volume":"108","author":"Watson","year":"2009","journal-title":"South Atl. Q."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Elder, B. (2003). Blood on the Wattle: Massacres and Maltreatment of Aboriginal Australians Since 1788, New Holland."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Goodall, H. (1996). Invasion to Embassy: Land in Aboriginal Politics in New South Wales, 1770\u20131972, Allen & Unwin in association with Black Books."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Lindqvist, S. (2008). Terra Nullius; A Journey through No One\u2019s Land, Granta Books."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Herman, J.L. (1992). Trauma and Recovery, Pandora."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"The intersection of trauma, racism and cultural competence in effective work with Aboriginal people: Waiting for trust","volume":"66","author":"Herring","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust. Soc. Work"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2012). NSW Ombudsman Responding to Child Sexual Assault in Aboriginal Communities: A Report under Part 6a of the Community Services (Complaints, Reviews and Monitoring) Act 1993, NSW Ombudsman."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0426-1","article-title":"The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Barth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Demetrius, J., and Ware, C. (2012). National Yarn Up: Sharing the Wisdoms and Challenges of Young People and Sexual Abuse, NSW Ombudsman."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Richards, K. Misperceptions about child sex offenders. Available online:http:\/\/www.aic.gov.au\/documents\/9\/A\/6\/%7B9A6BF515-76DF-4A03-940F-913610809387%7Dtandi429_002.pdf."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Family Studies Child Sexual Abuse. Available online:http:\/\/www.aifs.gov.au\/cfca\/pubs\/factsheets\/a142086\/."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Georgatos, G. Australia\u2019s Aboriginal Children: The world\u2019s Highest Suicide Rate. Available online:http:\/\/thestringer.com.au\/australias-aboriginal-children-the-worlds-highest-suicide-rate\/."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Wood, J. (2008). Report of the Special Commission of Inquiry into Child Protection Services in NSW, Special Commission of Inquiry into Child Protection Services in NSW."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2010). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Gone too Soon: A Report into Youth Suicide in the Nothern Territory. Available online:http:\/\/www.nt.gov.au\/lant\/parliamentary-business\/committees\/ctc\/youth-suicides\/Final_Report_on_Youth_Suicides.pdf."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Australian Government Child Protection and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children. Available online:http:\/\/www.aifs.gov.au\/cfca\/pubs\/factsheets\/a142117\/."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Gibson, P. We have to stop the creation of another Stolen Generation. Available online:http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2013\/jun\/12\/stolen-generation-aboriginal-children."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Reconciliaction Stolen Generations Fact Sheet. Available online:http:\/\/reconciliaction.org.au\/nsw\/education-kit\/stolen-generations\/."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Lalor, K., and McElvaney, R. (2010). Protecting Children from Sexual Violence: A Comprehensive Approach, Council of Europe."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Laing, L., Mikulsky, J., and Kennaugh, C. (2006). Evaluation of Newstreet Adolescent Service Sydney, University of Sydney."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Douglass Whyte, J., and Krakouer, J. (2009). Critical Edge Issues in Social Work and Social Policy: Comparative Research Perspectives, University of Ljubljana."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/0964663909353141","article-title":"A tragedy of monumental proportions\u201d: Indigenous Australians and the sentencing process","volume":"19","author":"Douglas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Leg. Stud."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"15","article-title":"Epidemic incarceration and justice reinvestment it\u2019s time for change","volume":"7","author":"Young","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indig. Law Bull."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Ungunmerr-Baumann, M.R. Dadirri: Inner Deep Listening and Quiet Still Awareness. Available online:http:\/\/www.liturgyplanning.com.au\/documents\/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=4832."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"233","article-title":"Voices in the wilderness\u2014Restoring justice to traumatised peoples","volume":"25","author":"Atkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Univ. N. S. W. Law J."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"The National Health and Medical Research Council the Australian Research Council and the Australian Vice-Chancellors\u2019 Committee. National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Research Involving Humans."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"(2003). Values and Ethics: Guidelines for Ethical Conduct in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Research."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765610388303","article-title":"Integrating trauma psychology and cultural psychology: Indigenous perspectives on theory, research, and practice","volume":"16","author":"Hill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Traumatology"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"112","article-title":"Adapting focus group methods to fit Aboriginal community-based research","volume":"5","author":"Willis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"13","article-title":"A conversation with lateral violence","volume":"2010","author":"Wingard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Narrat. Ther. Community Work"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.10.021","article-title":"Humiliation: The invisible trauma of war for Palestinian youth","volume":"121","author":"Giacaman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-007-9136-x","article-title":"\u201cWe never was happy living like a whiteman\u201d: Mental health disparities and the postcolonial predicament in american indian communities","volume":"40","author":"Gone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Community Psychol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/13200968.2011.10854464","article-title":"The Northern Territory emergency response\u2014Has it really improved the lives of Aboriginal women and children?","volume":"35","author":"Watson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Fem. Law J."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2206.2006.00425.x","article-title":"Discourses of blame: Deconstructing (hetero) sexuality, peer sexual violence and residential children\u2019s homes","volume":"11","author":"Barter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Fam. Soc. Work"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"14","article-title":"Collaborating to make Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people\u2019s sexual and reproductive health \u201ceverybody\u2019s business\u201d","volume":"35","author":"Stewart","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aborig. Isl. Health Work. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838010363717","article-title":"Shattering silence: Exploring barriers to disclosure for African American sexual assault survivors","volume":"11","author":"Tillman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abus."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-009-9239-8","article-title":"Beyond recovery: Colonization, health and healing for Indigenous people in Canada","volume":"8","author":"Lavallee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addict."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/13200968.2009.10854421","article-title":"No justice without healing: Australian Aboriginal people and family violence","volume":"30","author":"Cox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust. Fem. Law J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/0312407X.2011.581300","article-title":"Kanyininpa (holding): A way of nurturing children in aboriginal australia","volume":"64","author":"Ryan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. Soc. Work"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-009-9293-1","article-title":"Indigenous fathers\u2019 involvement in reconstituting \u201ccircles of care\u201d","volume":"45","author":"Ball","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Community Psychol."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Hogan, M. (2006). A Reverb Film."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Lawrie, R. (2012). National Yarn Up: Sharing the Wisdoms and Challenges of Young People and Sexual Abuse, Education Centre Against Violence."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3149\/jmh.1001.6","article-title":"Mibbinbah and spirit healing: Fostering safe, friendly spaces for indigenous males in Australia","volume":"10","author":"Bulman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Men\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2010.00560.x","article-title":"Reducing racism in Aboriginal health care in Australia: Where does cultural education fit?","volume":"34","author":"Durey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Horvane, V. (2012). Cultural Insights Provide Guidance on Aboriginal Child Sexual Abuse, InPsych."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/10\/9\/3818\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:48:49Z","timestamp":1760219329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/10\/9\/3818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijerph10093818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph10093818","relation":{},"ISSN":["1660-4601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1660-4601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]]}}}