{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:28:36Z","timestamp":1768782516258,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rate of smoking in Brazil is about 18.8%. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is one of the major factors predisposing children to several hazardous health problems. The objective of the present research was to analyze the effect of tobacco smoke exposure during childhood on cochlear physiology by measuring the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) response levels. Cotinine, the main metabolite of nicotine, was measured in 145 students\u2019 (8\u201310 years old) urine. Sixty students indicated tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) (cotinine urine levels \u2265 5.0 ng\/mL) and 85 did not. The evaluation of TEOAE of TSE students showed lower response levels, mainly on frequencies of 2.8 kHz on the right and left ears and 2.0 kHz on left ear and lower signal noise response levels, mainly on the 1.0 kHz and 1.4 kHz frequencies, when compared to controls that were not exposed to tobacco. The mean reduction observed in TEOAE of tobacco smoke exposure children was 2.1 dB SPL. These results have important implications on the damage to the cochlear structures and indicate a possible loss in hearing and hearing ability development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10115257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T12:03:57Z","timestamp":1382616237000},"page":"5257-5265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tobacco Smoke Exposure during Childhood: Effect on  Cochlear Physiology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Durante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo (FCMSCSP, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of S\u00e3o Paulo), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Foundation, Street Dr. Ces\u00e1rio Mota J\u00fanior, 61 S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Pucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de S\u00e3o Paulo (ISCMSP, Santa Casa Sisters of Mercy Hospital of S\u00e3o Paulo), Street Dr. Ces\u00e1rio Mota J\u00fanior, 112, S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolly","family":"Gudayol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de S\u00e3o Paulo (ISCMSP, Santa Casa Sisters of Mercy Hospital of S\u00e3o Paulo), Street Dr. Ces\u00e1rio Mota J\u00fanior, 112, S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Massa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo (FCMSCSP, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of S\u00e3o Paulo), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Foundation, Street Dr. Ces\u00e1rio Mota J\u00fanior, 61 S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Gameiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo (FCMSCSP, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of S\u00e3o Paulo), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Foundation, Street Dr. Ces\u00e1rio Mota J\u00fanior, 61 S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo (FCMSCSP, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa of S\u00e3o Paulo), Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho Foundation, Street Dr. Ces\u00e1rio Mota J\u00fanior, 61 S\u00e3o Paulo 01221-020, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001336","article-title":"The Brazil simsmoke policy simulation model: The effect of strong tobacco control policies on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths in a middle income nation","volume":"9","author":"Levy","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Brazil. 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