{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:06:27Z","timestamp":1788451587805,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxicology testing of fatally injured workers is not routinely conducted.  We completed a case-series study of 2005\u20132009 occupational fatalities captured by Iowa\u2019s Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) Program. The goals of our research were to: (1) measure the proportion of FACE cases that undergo toxicology testing, and describe the factors associated with being tested, and (2) measure the rate of positive toxicology tests, the substances identified and the demographics and occupations of victims who tested positive. Case documents and toxicology laboratory reports were reviewed.  There were 427 occupational deaths from 2005 to 2009. Only 69% underwent toxicology testing. Younger workers had greater odds of being tested. Among occupational groups, workers in farming, fishing and forestry had half the odds of being tested compared to other occupational groups. Of the 280 cases with toxicology tests completed, 22% (n = 61) were found to have positive toxicology testing. Commonly identified drug classes included cannabinoids and alcohols. Based on the small number of positive tests, older victims  (65+ years) tested positive more frequently than younger workers. Management, business, science, arts, service and sales\/office workers had proportionately more positive toxicology tests (almost 30%) compared with other workers (18\u201322%). These results identify an area in need of further research efforts and a potential target for injury prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10116154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T11:24:25Z","timestamp":1384428265000},"page":"6154-6168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Toxicology Testing in Fatally Injured Workers: A Review of Five Years of Iowa FACE Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marizen","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 105 River St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 105 River St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 105 River St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 105 River St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kraemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa Office of the State Medical Examiner, 2250 S. Ankeny Blvd, Ankeny, IA 50023, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Faine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Peek-Asa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 105 River St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 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