{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T11:08:19Z","timestamp":1760267299602,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]],"date-time":"2014-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper reports a 17-year seroepidemiological surveillance study of  Borrelia burgdorferi infection, performed with the aim of improving our knowledge of  the epidemiology of this pathogen. Serum samples (1,179) from patients (623, stratified with respect to age, sex, season, area of residence and occupation) bitten by ticks in two regions of northern Spain were IFA-tested for B. burgdorferi antibodies. Positive results were confirmed by western blotting. Antibodies specific for B. burgdorferi were found in 13.3% of the patients; 7.8% were IgM positive, 9.6% were IgG positive, and 4.33% were both IgM and IgG positive. Five species of ticks were identified in the seropositive patients: Dermacentor marginatus (41.17% of such patients) Dermacentor reticulatus (11.76%), Rhiphicephalus sanguineus (17.64%), Rhiphicephalus turanicus (5.88%) and Ixodes ricinus (23.52%). B. burgdorferi DNA was sought by PCR in ticks when available. One tick, a D. reticulatus male, was found carrying the pathogen. The seroprevalence found was similar to the previously demonstrated in similar studies in Spain and other European countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110201661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]],"date-time":"2014-01-30T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1391083516000},"page":"1661-1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Seventeen-Year Epidemiological Surveillance Study of Borrelia burgdorferi Infections in Two Provinces of Northern Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Lled\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Biotecnology, Alcal\u00e1 University, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Geg\u00fandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Biotecnology, Alcal\u00e1 University, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Consuelo","family":"Gim\u00e9nez-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Biotecnology, Alcal\u00e1 University, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"\u00c1lamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Territorial Health Service and Social Welfare of the Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, 47003 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Salamanca University, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Nuncio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Dr. Ricardo Jorge (National Institute of Health), 2965-575 Aguas de Moura, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Saz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Biotecnology, Alcal\u00e1 University, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108119","article-title":"Impact of climatic change on the northern latitude limit and population density of the disease-transmitting European tick Ixodes ricinus","volume":"108","author":"Lindgren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. 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