{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:15:53Z","timestamp":1791310553094,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this review was to summarize existing epidemiological evidence of the association between quantitative estimates of indoor air pollution and all-day personal exposure with adverse birth outcomes including fetal growth, prematurity and miscarriage. We carried out a systematic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases with the aim of summarizing and evaluating the results of peer-reviewed epidemiological studies undertaken in \u201cwesternized\u201d countries that have assessed indoor air pollution and all-day personal exposure with specific quantitative methods. This comprehensive literature search identified 16 independent studies which were deemed relevant for further review and two additional studies were added through searching the reference lists of all included studies. Two reviewers independently and critically appraised all eligible articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Of the 18 selected studies,  14 adopted a prospective cohort design, three were case-controls and one was a retrospective cohort study. In terms of pollutants of interest, seven studies assessed exposure to electro-magnetic fields, four studies assessed exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, four studies assessed PM2.5 exposure and three studies assessed benzene, phthalates and noise exposure respectively. Furthermore, 12 studies examined infant growth as the main birth outcome of interest, six examined spontaneous abortion and three studies assessed gestational age at birth and preterm delivery. This survey demonstrates that there is insufficient research on the possible association of indoor exposure and  early life effects and that further research is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110605904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T11:15:50Z","timestamp":1401794150000},"page":"5904-5933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Indoor Exposure and Adverse Birth Outcomes Related to Fetal Growth, Miscarriage and Prematurity\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Evridiki","family":"Patelarou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, King's College London,  London SE18WA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Environmental Hazards Health Protection Research Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London SE19NH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108322436","article-title":"Environmental exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A review of the science","volume":"15","author":"Stillerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. 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