{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:40:38Z","timestamp":1790023238895,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]],"date-time":"2014-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJERPH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although pregnancy is considered as a physiological state, most pregnant women in developed countries receive multiple medications to prevent maternal or neonatal complications, with antibiotics among the most frequently prescribed.  During pregnancy, antibiotics are often prescribed in the context of preterm labor, intrapartum fever, prevention of neonatal Group B Streptococcus fever, and cesarean section. Outside this period, they are commonly prescribed in the community setting for respiratory, urinary, and ear, nose and throat infection symptoms. Whereas some of the current indications have insightful reasons to justify their use, potential risks related to overuse and misuse may surpass the benefits. Of note, the recent 2014 World Health Assembly expressed serious concern regarding antibiotic resistance due to antibiotic overuse and misuse and urged immediate action to combat antibiotic resistance on a  global scale. Most studies in the obstetrics field have focused on the benefits of antibiotics for short-term maternal and neonatal complications, but with very little (if any) interest  in long-term consequences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110807993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]],"date-time":"2014-08-07T10:23:22Z","timestamp":1407407002000},"page":"7993-8009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Antibiotic Use and Misuse during Pregnancy and Delivery: Benefits and Risks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"De Tejada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000216197.26783.b5","article-title":"Antibiotic use in pregnancy and lactation: What is and is not known about teratogenic and toxic risks","volume":"107","author":"Nahum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet. 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